ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2015
Effect of warning statements in e-cigarette advertisements: an experiment with young adults in the United States.
Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Impact of e-cigarette advertising, promotion, and sponsorship on cognition and behavior: a systematic review of public responses.BMC health services research · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic Review of Health Communication for Non-Cigarette Tobacco Products.Health communication · 2019Pooled it
- Overview of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review.American journal of preventive medicine · 2017Pooled it
- Optimising messages and images for e-cigarette warnings.Tobacco control · 2025Trial
- The Effects of Varying Electronic Cigarette Warning Label Design Features On Attention, Recall, and Product Perceptions Among Young Adults.Health communication · 2019Trial
- Effects of E-cigarette Advertising Message Form and Cues on Cessation Intention: An Exploratory Study.Journal of health communication · 2019Trial
- The effects of the European e-cigarette health warnings and comparative health messages on non-smokers' and smokers' risk perceptions and behavioural intentions.BMC public health · 2018Trial
- Second Generation Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Vape Pen Exposure Generalizes as a Smoking Cue.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2018Trial
- Evaluating the Influence of Warning Labels on E-cigarette Products and Their Efficacy in Shaping User Perceptions Toward Smoking Cessation.International journal of preventive medicine · 2025Article
- A comprehensive content analysis of 104 Chinese electronic cigarette manufacturing enterprise official websites.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Identifying promising themes and messages for youth vaping prevention: A national study.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2024Article
- Managing a policy paradox? Responses to textual warning labels on E-cigarette advertisements among U.S. national samples of youth overall and adults who smoke or vape.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2024Article
- College Students' E-health Literacy, Social Media Use, and Perceptions of E-cigarettes in Taiwan.Journal of community health · 2024Article
- Noticing people, discounts and non-tobacco flavours in e-cigarette ads may increase e-cigarette product appeal among non-tobacco-using young adults.Tobacco control · 2023Article
- Youth and Young Adult-targeted E-cigarette Warnings and Advertising Messages: An Experiment with Young Adults in the US.Journal of health communication · 2022Article
- #Nicotineaddiction on TikTok: A quantitative content analysis of top-viewed posts.Tobacco induced diseases · 2022Article
- Developing Graphic Messages for Vaping Prevention Among Black and Latino Adolescents: Participatory Research Approach.Journal of participatory medicine · 2021Article
- Development and testing of relative risk-based health messages for electronic cigarette products.Harm reduction journal · 2021Article
- Effect of e-cigarette advertisement themes on hypothetical e-cigarette purchasing in price-responsive adolescents.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2020Article
- An experimental study of messages communicating potential harms of electronic cigarettes.PloS one · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsThis on-line experiment examined whether the addition of ingredient- or industry-themed warning statements in television advertisements for e-cigarettes would affect young adults' craving for and risk perceptions of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes, as well as intent to purchase e-cigarettes.
designAdvertisements for two leading e-cigarette brands were edited to contain a warning statement about product ingredients or about the tobacco industry. Participants were assigned randomly to one of eight treatments or one of two brand-specific control conditions without any warning statement.
participantsYoung adults (n=900, aged 18-34 years) in a web panel were recruited from three groups: recent e-cigarette users, current smokers who used combustible cigarettes exclusively and non-users of either product. MEASUREMENTS: Craving and risk perceptions (addictiveness, harmful to health in general, harmful to others) were measured separately for e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes. The Juster scale measured intention to purchase e-cigarettes.
findingsExposure to both types of warnings was associated with lower craving for e-cigarettes among e-cigarette users and smokers who experienced any craving (P<0.01) and lower intention to purchase among all participants (P<0.001). Only exposure to ingredient-themed warnings was associated with lower craving for combustible cigarettes (P<0.05). Participants who saw industry-themed warnings reported greater perceptions of general harm (P<0.001), but also rated e-cigarettes as less addictive than the control conditions (P<0.05).
conclusionThe addition of ingredient- or industry-themed warning statements to e-cigarette television advertising similarly reduces craving and purchase intent for e-cigarettes, but has inconsistent effects on perceived risks.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.