ArticleThe Journal of physiology2015
GABAergic transmission and enhanced modulation by opioids and endocannabinoids in adult rat rostral ventromedial medulla.
Article in The Journal of physiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endogenous opioids and the development of the mammalian respiratory control network.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2025Review
- Bulbospinal nociceptive ON and OFF cells related neural circuits and transmitters.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Article
- Cannabinoids in the descending pain modulatory circuit: Role in inflammation.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2020Review
- Compensatory Activation of Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor Inhibition of GABA Release in the Rostral Ventromedial Medulla in Inflammatory Pain.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2017Article
- Modulation of Acid-sensing Ion Channel 1a by Intracellular pH and Its Role in Ischemic Stroke.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2016Article
- Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
key pointsElectrical stimulation of the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) facilitates pain behaviours in neonates but inhibits these behaviours in adults. The cellular mechanisms underlying these changes in RVM modulation of pain behaviours are not known. We optimized whole-cell patch-clamp recordings for RVM neurons in animals older than postnatal day 30 and compared the results to postnatal day 10-21 animals. Our results demonstrate that the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release is lower and opioid effects are more evident in adult rats compared to early postnatal rats. A cannabinoid receptor antagonist significantly increased GABA release in mature but not in immature RVM neurons suggesting the presence of local endocannabinoid tone in mature RVM. Neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) play critical and complex roles in pain modulation. Recent studies have shown that electrical stimulation of the RVM produces pain facilitation in young animals (postnatal (PN) day < 21) but predominantly inhibits pain behaviours in adults. The cellular mechanisms underlying these changes in RVM modulation of pain behaviours are not known. This is in part because whole-cell patch-clamp studies in RVM to date have been in young (PN day < 18) animals because the organization and abundance of myelinated fibres in this region make the RVM a challenging area for whole-cell patch-clamp recording in adults. Several neurotransmitter systems, including GABAergic neurotransmission, undergo developmental changes that mature by PN day 21. Thus, we focused on optimizing whole-cell patch-clamp recordings for RVM neurons in animals older than PN day 30 and compared the results to animals at PN day 10-21. Our results demonstrate that the probability of GABA release is lower and that opioid and endocannabinoid effects are more evident in adult rats (mature) compared to early postnatal (immature) rats. Differences in these properties of RVM neurons may contribute to the developmental changes in descending control of pain from the RVM to the spinal cord.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.