Trial reportSchizophrenia research2015
Comparative efficacy between clozapine and other atypical antipsychotics on depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia: analysis of the CATIE phase 2E data.
Trial report in Schizophrenia research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comorbid Major Depressive Disorder in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Exercise Improves Clinical Symptoms, Quality of Life, Global Functioning, and Depression in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2016Pooled it
- Why Is Clozapine Uniquely Effective in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia? A Review and Proposal.Biological psychiatry · 2026Review
- Targeting disrupted networks in schizophrenia: Can muscarinic drugs make a fundamental difference?Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2025Review
- Analysis of clinical studies on clozapine from 2012-2022.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Review
- Into a Deeper Understanding of CYP2D6's Role in Risperidone Monotherapy and the Potential Side Effects in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Study on the daily dose and serum concentration of clozapine in psychiatric patients and possible influencing factors of serum concentration.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Clozapine: Why Is It So Uniquely Effective in the Treatment of a Range of Neuropsychiatric Disorders?Biomolecules · 2021Review
- Suicide and Schizophrenia: an Interplay of Factors.Current psychiatry reports · 2020Review
- Unique Effects of Clozapine: A Pharmacological Perspective.Advances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.) · 2018Review
- Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Schizophrenia.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2017Article
- Article
- The Role of Norepinephrine and Its α-Adrenergic Receptors in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder and Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2017Review
- Depressive Symptoms during an Acute Schizophrenic Episode: Frequency and Clinical Correlates.Depression research and treatment · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe comparative antidepressant effects of clozapine and other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia remain elusive, leading us to examine this question using the data from the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness phase 2E.
methodsNinety-nine patients who discontinued treatment with olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, or ziprasidone because of inadequate efficacy were randomly assigned to open-label treatment with clozapine (n=49) or double-blind treatment with another atypical antipsychotic not previously received in the trial (olanzapine [n=19], quetiapine [n=15], or risperidone [n=16]). The primary outcome was the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) total score. Antidepressant effects of clozapine and the other atypical antipsychotics were compared in patients with chronic schizophrenia and those with a major depressive episode (MDE) at baseline (i.e. ≥6 on the CDSS), using mixed models.
resultsNo differences in the baseline CDSS total scores were found between the treatment groups regardless of presence of an MDE. Clozapine was more effective than quetiapine in antidepressant effects for chronic schizophrenia (p<.01 for the whole sample and p=.01 for those with an MDE), and comparable to olanzapine and risperidone.
conclusionThe present findings suggest that clozapine demonstrates superior antidepressant effects to quetiapine and comparable effects to olanzapine and risperidone in chronic schizophrenia regardless of presence of MDE. Given the indication of clozapine for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) and the negative impacts of depressive symptoms on clinical outcomes in schizophrenia, further research is warranted to investigate antidepressant effects of clozapine in TRS with an MDE.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.