ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2015
Increased proportion of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes is associated with tumor recurrence and reduced survival in patients with glioblastoma.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05831631 (Immunophenotype Characterization of Circulating and Tumor Infiltrating Immune Cells in Malignant Brain Tumors.), which is not on this map. Cited by 127 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Immunophenotype Characterization of Circulating and Tumor Infiltrating Immune Cells in Malignant Brain Tumors.
Who cites it
127 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 187 citations in OpenAlex.
- T cell immunity in glioma and potential implications for immunotherapy: A systematic review.Neuro-oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Cytokine fusion proteins for solid tumor therapy: mechanistic insights and clinical advances.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Improving T-cell engager efficacy in glioblastoma with multi-antigen targeting and novel delivery approaches.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Review
- CD163 Dominance Within Macrophages/Microglia Reflects a Favorable Prognosis in Patients With Glioblastoma.Neuropathology : official journal of the Japanese Society of Neuropathology · 2026Article
- Ferroptosis-associated immune modulation enhances temozolomide efficacy in experimental glioblastoma: potential implications for T-cell infiltration and tumour microenvironment dynamics.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Key immune cells in the tumor immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer: Roles and research advances (Review).Oncology reports · 2026Review
- The insider's perspective: The intracellular complosome and immune cell dynamics in cancer.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Review
- Role and Molecular Mechanisms of Aerobic Glycolysis in Gastrointestinal Tumors.Journal of Cancer · 2026Review
- AI-based pathomics model predicts regulatory T cell infiltration and radiotherapy response in IDH-wild-type glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Macrophage-based therapeutic strategies in glioblastoma: advancements in drug delivery and immunotherapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Development and validation of a novel glioblastoma prognostic model: identifying STOX1 and ZNF248 as ferroptosis-related biomarkers.Cancer cell international · 2025Article
- Wnt inhibition alleviates resistance to anti-PD1 therapy and improves antitumor immunity in glioblastoma.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Unraveling Glioblastoma Heterogeneity: Advancing Immunological Insights and Therapeutic Innovations.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Development of therapeutic cancer vaccines based on cancer immunity cycle.Frontiers of medicine · 2025Review
- Modulating CD226 and PD-(L)1 pathways improves CMV-specific CD8＋T cell responses in the absence of IL-2.BMB reports · 2025Article
- Review
- The Role of TIM-3 in Glioblastoma Progression.Cells · 2025Review
- Prognostic and predictive determinants in high-grade gliomas: integrating tumor-intrinsic biology with patient and system-level factors.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- The role of regulatory T cells in central nervous system diseases in dogs: fighting with a double-edged sword toward translational discoveries.American journal of translational research · 2025Review
- Review
67 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive malignancy associated with profound host immunosuppression mediated in part by FoxP3 expressing regulatory CD4+ T lymphocytes (Tregs) that down-regulate anti-tumor immunity. In order to assess whether FoxP3 was an independent driver differentially expressed in primary versus recurrent GBMs, we stained resected primary and recurrent GBM tumors for CD3, CD4, CD8 and FoxP3 expression using standard immunohistochemistry. Slides were scanned with a high-resolution scanner (ScanScope CS; Aperio), and image analysis software (Aperio ScanScope) was used to enumerate lymphocyte subpopulations allowing for high-throughput analysis and bypassing manual selection bias. As shown in previous studies, enumeration of individual lymphocyte populations did not correlate with clinical outcomes in patients with GBM. However, the CD4+ to regulatory FoxP3+ T cell ratio was diminished in recurrent disease, and increased CD3 and CD8+ to regulatory T cell ratios showed a positive correlation with survival outcomes in primary GBM. These results suggest that while absolute numbers of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes may not be informative for predicting clinical outcomes in patients with GBM, the effective balance of CD3, CD4 and CD8+ T cells to immunosuppressive FoxP3+ regulatory cells may influence clinical outcomes in this patient population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.