ArticleBiological psychiatry2015
The genetics of impulsivity: evidence for the heritability of delay discounting.
Article in Biological psychiatry, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Delay discounting of different outcomes: Review and theory.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2020Pooled it
- Impact of time perspectives on texting intervention to reduce HIV/STI transmission among female sex workers in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2019Trial
- The Genoeconomics of Impulsive Intertemporal Choice: A Critical Review.Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior · 2026Review
- Genome-wide association study of delay discounting identifies 11 loci and reveals transdiagnostic associations across mental and physical health.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Genetic and Phenotypic Associations of the Polygenic Score of Delay Discounting and Life History Traits.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2026Article
- Latent Profiles of Impulsivity and Emotion Regulation in Children With Externalizing Disorders Are Associated With Alterations in Striatocortical Connectivity.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2025Article
- Genome-Wide Association Studies of Delay Discounting and Impulsive Personality Traits in Children From the Adolescent Behavior and Cognitive Development Study.Genes, brain, and behavior · 2025Article
- Genomic structural equation modeling of impulsivity and risk-taking traits reveals three latent factors distinctly associated with brain structure and development.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Genetic Propensity for Delay Discounting and Educational Attainment in Adults Are Associated With Delay Discounting in Preadolescents: Findings From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.Genes, brain, and behavior · 2025Article
- Longitudinal characterization of impulsivity phenotypes boosts signal for genomic correlates and heritability.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Framing as a mechanism to overcome the temptation of bad habits.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2025Review
- A structural MRI marker predicts individual differences in impulsivity and classifies patients with behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia from matched controls.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Genome-wide association study of delay discounting in Heterogeneous Stock rats.Genes, brain, and behavior · 2024Article
- Alcohol milestones and internalizing, externalizing, and executive function: longitudinal and polygenic score associations.Psychological medicine · 2024Article
- Genome-wide association study of delay discounting in Heterogenous Stock rats.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Delay discounting and family history of psychopathology in children ages 9-11.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Selective chemogenetic inactivation of corticoaccumbal projections disrupts trait choice impulsivity.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Neurobiological metric of cortical delay discounting differentiates risk for self- and other-directed violence among trauma-exposed individuals.Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2023Article
- Brain response in heavy drinkers during cross-commodity alcohol and money discounting with potentially real rewards: A preliminary study.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2023Article
- Dopamine D2 receptors in nucleus accumbens cholinergic interneurons increase impulsive choice.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDelay discounting (DD), a decline in the subjective value of reward with increasing delay until its receipt, is an established behavioral model of impulsive choice, a key component of a broader impulsivity construct. Greater DD, i.e., a tendency to choose smaller immediate over larger delayed rewards, has been implicated as a potential intermediate phenotype (endophenotype) for addictive disorders and comorbid externalizing psychopathology, particularly in adolescence. However, genetic and environmental origins of DD remain unclear. Accordingly, the goal of the present study was to assess heritability of DD, an important aspect of its utility as an endophenotype.
methodsA commonly used computerized procedure involving choice between varying amounts of money available immediately and a standard amount of $100 presented at variable delays was administered to a population-based sample of twins aged 16 and 18 (n = 560, including 134 monozygotic and 142 dizygotic pairs). DD was quantified using area under the discounting curve and the k coefficient estimated by fitting a hyperbolic model to individual data. Heritability was assessed using linear structural equation modeling of twin data.
resultsThe genetic analysis revealed significant heritability of both DD measures (area under the discounting curve: 46% and 62%; k: 35% and 55% at age 16 and 18, respectively).
conclusionsThe present study provides evidence for heritability of both model-based and model-free DD measures and suggests that DD is a promising intermediate phenotype for genetic dissection of impulsivity and externalizing spectrum disorders.
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