Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25555385›Full record

Trial reportNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2015

Nicotine Dependence, Nicotine Metabolism, and the Extent of Compensation in Response to Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes.

Frank C Bandiera, Kathryn C Ross, Seyedehtaraneh Taghavi, Kevin Delucchi, Rachel F Tyndale, Neal L Benowitz

Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03185546 (Project 2), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03185546 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2018, after this paper: background citation

Project 2: The Impact of Cigarette Nicotine Content, E-cigarette Nicotine Content, and E-cigarette Flavoring on Smoking Behavior

TypeinterventionalSponsorWake Forest University Health SciencesRan2018 to 2020Enrolled156ConditionsSmokingArmsNNC Spectrum Cigarette, VLNC Spectrum Cigarette, Moderate nicotine level e-liquid, Low nicotine level e-liquid, Tobacco Flavors
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Nicotine Reduction in Cigarettes: Literature Review and Gap Analysis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019
    Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
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  12. Animal Research on Nicotine Reduction: Current Evidence and Research Gaps.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2017
    Article
  13. Reduced-Nicotine Cigarettes in Young Smokers: Impact of Nicotine Metabolism on Nicotine Dose Effects.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2017
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Frank C BandieraCenter for Tobacco Control Research and Education, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA;
Kathryn C RossCenter for Tobacco Control Research and Education, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA;
Seyedehtaraneh TaghaviDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;
Kevin DelucchiDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA;
Rachel F TyndaleDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;
Neal L BenowitzCenter for Tobacco Control Research and Education, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, Departments of Medicine, Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and the Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, CA neal.benowitz@ucsf.edu.
University of California, San Francisco · USCentre for Addiction and Mental Health · CASan Francisco General Hospital · USUniversity of Toronto · CA

Funding

University of Toronto Coordinating Genetics Core & Clinical Trial SiteU01DA020830 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI CINCIRIPINI, PAUL MICHAEL · 2005 to 2014
$22.4M
Postdoctoral training in tobacco controlR25CA113710 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI GLANTZ, STANTON ARNOLD · 2006 to 2015
$5.4M
Safety of Nicotine Reduction StrategyR01CA078603 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI BENOWITZ, NEAL L · 1999 to 2009
$4.6M
Postdoctoral training in tobacco controlT32CA113710 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI LING, PAMELA MAY · 2016 to 2020
$2.6M
Cognitive and Behavioral Effects of Sleep Restriction in Adolescents with ADHDR03MH109787 · NIMH · CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR · PI BECKER, STEPHEN P · 2016 to 2017
$156k
NCI NIH HHS 5R25CA113710-08NCI NIH HHS R01 CA078603NCI NIH HHS R01CA078603NCI NIH HHS R25 CA113710NCI NIH HHS T32 CA113710NIDA NIH HHS U01 DA020830NIDA NIH HHS U01DA020830NIMH NIH HHS R03 MH109787PHS HHS TMH109787
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe Food and Drug Administration has the authority to regulate tobacco product constituents, including nicotine, to promote public health. Reducing the nicotine content in cigarettes may lead to lower levels of addiction. Smokers however may compensate by smoking more cigarettes and/or smoking more intensely. The objective of this study was to test whether individual differences in the level of nicotine dependence (as measured by the Fagerstrom Test of Cigarette Dependence [FTCD]) and/or the rate of nicotine metabolism influence smoking behavior and exposure to tobacco toxicants when smokers are switched to reduced nicotine content cigarettes (RNC).

methodsData from 51 participants from a previously published clinical trial of RNC were analyzed. Nicotine content of cigarettes was progressively reduced over 6 months and measures of smoking behavior, as well as nicotine metabolites and tobacco smoke toxicant exposure, CYP2A6 and nicotinic CHRNA5-A3-B4 (rs1051730) genotype were measured.

resultsHigher baseline FTCD predicted smoking more cigarettes per day (CPD), higher cotinine and smoke toxicant levels while smoking RNC throughout the study, with no interaction by RNC level. Time to first cigarette (TFC) was associated with differences in compensation. TFC within 10 min was associated with a greater increase in CPD compared to TFC greater than 10 min. Neither rate of nicotine metabolism, nor CYP2A6 or nicotinic receptor genotype, had an effect on the outcome variables of interest.

conclusionsFTCD is associated with overall exposure to nicotine and other constituents of tobacco smoke, while a short TFC is associated with an increased compensatory response after switching to RNC.

Indexed as

Smoking PreventionAdultCotinineCytochrome P-450 CYP2A6FemaleGenotypeHumansMaleNicotineReceptors, NicotinicSmokingTobacco ProductsTobacco Use DisorderUnited StatesCotinineCYP2A6 protein, humanCytochrome P-450 CYP2A6NicotineReceptors, Nicotinic

Identifiers

PMID25555385
PMCPMC4542742
OpenAlexW2153414973

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.