ArticleSocial science & medicine (1982)2015
Early childhood WIC participation, cognitive development and academic achievement.
Article in Social science & medicine (1982), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of early intervention on dietary intake and its mediating role on cognitive functioning: a randomised controlled trial.Public health nutrition · 2017Trial
- Remote Services, Benefits, and Program Retention Changes Among Young Children in WIC.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Immigrant and refugee experiences in the Utah WIC program: a qualitative study.International journal for equity in health · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of Digital Interventions for Low-Income, Food-Insecure Populations: Natural Language Processing Study of WIC Smartphone App User Reviews, 2013-2024.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- State-Level Spending on Children Associated with Unequal Benefits to School Readiness.Maternal and child health journal · 2025Article
- The ABCD and HBCD Studies: Longitudinal Studies to Inform Prevention Science.Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) · 2024Review
- A Scoping Review to Identify Community- and Societal-Level Strategies Evaluated from 2013 to 2023 for Their Potential Impact on Child Well-Being in the United States.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Reducing WIC Administrative Burdens to Promote Health Equity.JAMA pediatrics · 2024Article
- Who gets left behind by left behind places?Cambridge journal of regions, economy and society · 2024Article
- Article
- Understanding the Predictors of Low Take-Up of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC): A Nationwide Longitudinal Study.Maternal and child health journal · 2023Article
- The effects of COVID-19 pandemic on early childhood care systems in Hawaii in 2020.Public health challenges · 2023Article
- A Review of Interventions to Increase WIC Enrollment and Participation.Journal of community health · 2022Review
- Social Spending and Educational Gaps in Infant Health in the United States, 1998-2017.Demography · 2022Article
- WIC Participants' Perceptions of the Cash-Value Benefit Increase during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Food insecurity and cardiovascular disease: Current trends and future directions.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2022Article
- Public Investments and Class Gaps in Parents' Developmental Expenditures.American sociological review · 2022Article
- Article
- A scoping review of research on policies to address child undernutrition in the Millennium Development Goals era.Public health nutrition · 2021Article
- Food Insecurity and Health: Practices and Policies to Address Food Insecurity among Children.Academic pediatrics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
For the 22% of American children who live below the federal poverty line, and the additional 23% who live below twice that level, nutritional policy is part of the safety net against hunger and its negative effects on children's development. The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) provides steadily available food from the food groups essential for physical and cognitive development. The effects of WIC on dietary quality among participating women and children are strong and positive. Furthermore, there is a strong influence of nutrition on cognitive development and socioeconomic inequality. Yet, research on the non-health effects of U.S. child nutritional policy is scarce, despite the ultimate goal of health policies directed at children-to enable productive functioning across multiple social institutions over the life course. Using two nationally representative, longitudinal surveys of children-the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (ECLS-B) and the Child Development Supplement (CDS) of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics-I examine how prenatal and early childhood exposure to WIC is associated in the short-term with cognitive development, and in the longer-term with reading and math learning. Results show that early WIC participation is associated with both cognitive and academic benefits. These findings suggest that WIC meaningfully contributes to children's educational prospects.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.