ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2015
Imaging local electric fields produced upon synchrotron X-ray exposure.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Second harmonic generation of myofibrils exhibits a polarization-resolved "gradient" effect.Biomedical optics express · 2025Article
- High numerical aperture imaging allows chirality measurement in individual collagen fibrils using polarization second harmonic generation microscopy.Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany) · 2023Article
- Dynamic X-ray diffraction sampling for protein crystal positioning.Journal of synchrotron radiation · 2017Article
- Guiding synchrotron X-ray diffraction by multimodal video-rate protein crystal imaging.Journal of synchrotron radiation · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
Electron-hole separation following hard X-ray absorption during diffraction analysis of soft materials under cryogenic conditions produces substantial local electric fields visualizable by second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy. Monte Carlo simulations of X-ray photoelectron trajectories suggest the formation of substantial local electric fields in the regions adjacent to those exposed to X-rays, indicating a possible electric-field-induced SHG (EFISH) mechanism for generating the observed signal. In studies of amorphous vitreous solvents, analysis of the SHG spatial profiles following X-ray microbeam exposure was consistent with an EFISH mechanism. Within protein crystals, exposure to 12-keV (1.033-Å) X-rays resulted in increased SHG in the region extending ∼ 3 μm beyond the borders of the X-ray beam. Moderate X-ray exposures typical of those used for crystal centering by raster scanning through an X-ray beam were sufficient to produce static electric fields easily detectable by SHG. The X-ray-induced SHG activity was observed with no measurable loss for longer than 2 wk while maintained under cryogenic conditions, but disappeared if annealed to room temperature for a few seconds. These results provide direct experimental observables capable of validating simulations of X-ray-induced damage within soft materials. In addition, X-ray-induced local fields may potentially impact diffraction resolution through localized piezoelectric distortions of the lattice.
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