ArticleMolecular pharmacology2015
Repurposing the antipsychotic trifluoperazine as an antimetastasis agent.
Article in Molecular pharmacology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Repurposing Antipsychotic Agents in Oncology: Mechanistic Rationale, Emerging Evidence, and Therapeutic Potential.Cancers · 2026Review
- Repurposing trifluoperazine as a potential therapeutic agent for ovarian cancer: mechanistic insight via SRC/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway inhibition.Journal of ovarian research · 2026Article
- Neurotransmitters and Immunity: Molecular Mechanisms, Biological Functions, Diseases, and Potential Therapeutic Targets.MedComm · 2025Review
- In-silico and In-vitro Evaluation of Novel Carboxamide Analogue on the Metastasis of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells Utilizing Novel PCPTC-loaded PEGylated-PLGA Nanocarriers.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Phytochemical profiling and bioactive potential of bael gum using UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS: a novel nutraceutical source.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- DRD1 suppresses cell proliferation and reduces EGFR activation and PD-L1 expression in NSCLC.Molecular oncology · 2024Article
- Review
- The anti-cancer efficacy of a novel phenothiazine derivative is independent of dopamine and serotonin receptor inhibition.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Understanding the role of dopamine in cancer: past, present and future.Carcinogenesis · 2022Review
- Development of Phenothiazine Hybrids with Potential Medicinal Interest: A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein Sec62 as potential therapeutic target inFrontiers in physiology · 2022Review
- Antagonizing Sec62 function in intracellular CaFrontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- The roles of serotonin in cell adhesion and migration, and cytoskeletal remodeling.Cell adhesion & migration · 2021Review
- Repurposing Antipsychotics for Cancer Treatment.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- Overexpression of dopamine receptor D2 promotes colorectal cancer progression by activating the β-catenin/ZEB1 axis.Cancer science · 2021Article
- Targeting dopamine receptor D2 as a novel therapeutic strategy in endometrial cancer.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2021Article
- Haloperidol Induced Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Glioblastoma Cells.Biomedicines · 2020Article
- Serotonin 2A (5-HTScientific reports · 2020Article
- Review
- The brain acid-soluble protein 1 (BASP1) interferes with the oncogenic capacity of MYC and its binding to calmodulin.Molecular oncology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Because cancer cell invasion is a critical determinant of metastasis, targeting invasion is a viable approach to prevent metastasis. Utilizing a novel three-dimensional high-throughput invasion assay, we screened a National Cancer Institute compound library and discovered compounds demonstrating inhibitory effects on cancer cell invasion. One hit, trifluoperazine, suppresses invasion of human cancer cell lines while displaying a limited cytotoxicity profile. This inhibition is due to the interference with cancer cell migratory ability but not proteolytic activity. Treatment of cancer cells with trifluoperazine significantly reduces angiogenesis and prevents cancer cell invasion through a chorioallantoic basement membrane. Mechanistically, treatment results in decreased phosphorylated AKT (Ser(473) and Thr(308)) and β-catenin (Ser(552)). Lack of phosphorylation of Ser(552) of β-catenin prevents β-catenin nuclear relocation, resulting in decreased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, likely mediated through dopamine receptor D2. Taken together, we demonstrated that trifluoperazine is responsible for reducing the angiogenic and invasive potential of aggressive cancer cells through dopamine receptor D2 to modulate the β-catenin pathway and propose that trifluoperazine may be used as an antimetastasis chemotherapeutic.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.