ReviewChild psychiatry and human development2015
Parental Expressed Emotion and Youth Psychopathology: New Directions for an Old Construct.
Review in Child psychiatry and human development, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 155 citations in OpenAlex.
- Parental Expressed Emotion and Behavioural Outcomes in Autistic Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Pooled it
- Expressed Emotion in the Family: A Meta-Analytic Review of Expressed Emotion as a Mechanism of the Transgenerational Transmission of Mental Disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Polygenic Risk for Major Depression Interacts with Parental Criticism in Predicting Adolescent Depressive Symptom Development.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2021Pooled it
- A Meta-analytic Review of the Five Minute Speech Sample as a Measure of Family Emotional Climate for Youth: Relations with Internalizing and Externalizing Symptomatology.Child psychiatry and human development · 2020Pooled it
- Trajectories of parent criticism across treatment for youth self-harm.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025Trial
- Adolescent and Family-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Pediatric Bipolar Disorders: An Open Trial and Individual Trajectories Study in Routine Psychiatric Care.Child psychiatry and human development · 2024Trial
- Motivational interviewing for loved ones: Randomized controlled trial of brief training for first episode psychosis caregivers.Schizophrenia research · 2022Trial
- Expressed emotion and long-term outcome among adolescents with anorexia nervosa.The International journal of eating disorders · 2021Trial
- Development and Open Trial of a Technology-Enhanced Family Intervention for Adolescents at Risk for Mood Disorders.Journal of affective disorders · 2021Trial
- Effects of an adolescent depression prevention program on maternal criticisms and positive remarks.Journal of family psychology : JFP : journal of the Division of Family Psychology of the American Psychological Association (Division 43) · 2020Trial
- A Virtual Resiliency Intervention Promoting Resiliency for Parents of Children with Learning and Attentional Disabilities: A Randomized Pilot Trial.Maternal and child health journal · 2020Trial
- Preliminary evaluation of an intensive integrated individual and family therapy model for self-harming adolescents.BMC psychiatry · 2018Trial
- Expressed Emotion, Family Functioning, and Treatment Outcome for Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa.European eating disorders review : the journal of the Eating Disorders Association · 2016Trial
- Technology matters: AI-driven tools in children's mental healthcare: perspectives from young people and parents.Child and adolescent mental health · 2026Article
- Beyond Words: Associations between the Maternal Emotional Environment and Children's Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Expressed Emotion in Adolescent Suicidal Ideation: The Mediating Role of Thwarted Belongingness and Perceived Burdensomeness.Suicide & life-threatening behavior · 2026Article
- Youth post-discharge recovery and family adjustment after inpatient mental health treatment - study protocol for the longitudinal mixed-methods ReCoVer study.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Maternal expressions of warmth and negativity and adolescent mental health: using longitudinal monozygotic twin-difference analyses to approach causal inference.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- Communication Targets and Applications for Family Members of People With Early Psychosis and Substance Use.Early intervention in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Clinician Experiences with Adolescents with Comorbid Chronic Pain and Eating Disorders.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Levels of parental expressed emotion (EE) are prospectively associated with the symptomatic course of a range of childhood psychiatric disorders. This article reviews the literature linking parental EE to youth psychopathology and proposes a novel framework for understanding its mechanisms of action. We find that, despite noteworthy methodological limitations, parental EE is linked consistently to a more deleterious course of mood, anxiety, and psychotic disorders in youth. Its mechanism of action is unknown. Models of "toxic family stress" (referring to frequent, sustained, and uncontrollable stress without protective influences) provide one framework for understanding how high EE environments interact with individual biological vulnerabilities to promote illness onset and recurrence. Research aimed at understanding biological responses (e.g., stress reactivity, arousal) to familial EE is needed. Such work may inform efforts to understand how EE affects the course of psychiatric disorders and may guide the development of novel interventions emphasizing emotion regulation strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.