ArticleBioinformatics (Oxford, England)2015
PRSice: Polygenic Risk Score software.
Article in Bioinformatics (Oxford, England), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 752 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
752 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Novel risk loci in LGI1-antibody encephalitis: genome-wide association study discovery and validation cohorts.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Genome-Wide Association Study Points to Novel Locus for Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome.Biological psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Digital Clock Drawing as an Alzheimer's Disease Susceptibility Biomarker: Associations with Genetic Risk Score and APOE in Older Adults.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2024Pooled it
- Genome-wide association study meta-analysis of blood pressure traits and hypertension in sub-Saharan African populations: an AWI-Gen study.Nature communications · 2023Pooled it
- Trans-ancestry meta-analysis of genome wide association studies of inhibitory control.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies new candidate genes for sickle cell disease nephropathy.Blood advances · 2023Pooled it
- Cross-National and Cross-Generational Evidence That Educational Attainment May Slow the Pace of Aging in European-Descent Individuals.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Genome-wide association study identifies four pan-ancestry loci for suicidal ideation in the Million Veteran Program.PLoS genetics · 2023Pooled it
- Identification of Novel, Replicable Genetic Risk Loci for Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among US Military Veterans.JAMA psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Genetic risk of type 2 diabetes modifies the association between lifestyle and glycemic health at 5 years postpartum among high-risk women.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2024Trial
- Polygenic risk for alcohol consumption and multisite chronic pain: Associations with ad lib drinking behavior.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2023Trial
- Association of Polygenic Risk Score for Suicidal Behavior With Ventral Prefrontal Morphology in Bipolar Disorder.Bipolar disorders · 2026Article
- Social disconnection integrates genetic and proteomic risks in suicidal ideation and depression.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Analysis of rare coding variants in schizophrenia-associated genes and generalised cognition in the UK Biobank.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Genetic and pathway complexity in Alzheimer's disease: Insights from multi-omic data about the immune response and mitochondrial function.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Age at Diagnosis and Clinical and Genetic Profiles Among Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Genome-wide tandem repeat expansions modify schizophrenia risk in the presence of a 22q11.2 deletion.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- PGS-GS: a framework integrating polygenic scores and genomic selection in animal breeding.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Young adult self-harm: The role of victimisation and polygenic risk in a population-based longitudinal study.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- Genetic architecture of cytokine autoantibodies and associated risk of common diseases.Nature communications · 2026Article
692 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
summaryA polygenic risk score (PRS) is a sum of trait-associated alleles across many genetic loci, typically weighted by effect sizes estimated from a genome-wide association study. The application of PRS has grown in recent years as their utility for detecting shared genetic aetiology among traits has become appreciated; PRS can also be used to establish the presence of a genetic signal in underpowered studies, to infer the genetic architecture of a trait, for screening in clinical trials, and can act as a biomarker for a phenotype. Here we present the first dedicated PRS software, PRSice ('precise'), for calculating, applying, evaluating and plotting the results of PRS. PRSice can calculate PRS at a large number of thresholds ("high resolution") to provide the best-fit PRS, as well as provide results calculated at broad P-value thresholds, can thin Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) according to linkage disequilibrium and P-value or use all SNPs, handles genotyped and imputed data, can calculate and incorporate ancestry-informative variables, and can apply PRS across multiple traits in a single run. We exemplify the use of PRSice via application to data on schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and smoking, illustrate the importance of identifying the best-fit PRS and estimate a P-value significance threshold for high-resolution PRS studies. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: PRSice is written in R, including wrappers for bash data management scripts and PLINK-1.9 to minimize computational time. PRSice runs as a command-line program with a variety of user-options, and is freely available for download from http://PRSice.info CONTACT: jack.euesden@kcl.ac.uk or paul.oreilly@kcl.ac.uk SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.