ArticleCancer causes & control : CCC2015
The association between dietary inflammatory index and risk of colorectal cancer among postmenopausal women: results from the Women's Health Initiative.
Article in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 130 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
130 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 192 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary inflammatory index and risk of major digestive tract cancers: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Dietary inflammatory index and the risk of colorectal adenomas and cancer: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.Nutrition journal · 2025Pooled it
- Dietary patterns and colorectal cancer risk: Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) systematic literature review.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Is there any association between dietary inflammatory index and quality of life? A systematic review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Dietary Inflammatory Index and Site-Specific Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2018Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and cancer outcomes.International journal of cancer · 2017Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Index-based dietary patterns and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2015Pooled it
- Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet for 6 Months Improves the Dietary Inflammatory Index in a Western Population: Results from the MedLey Study.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Impact of Edible Cricket Consumption on Gut Microbiota in Healthy Adults, a Double-blind, Randomized Crossover Trial.Scientific reports · 2018Trial
- Dietary Inflammatory Index, Bone Mineral Density, and Risk of Fracture in Postmenopausal Women: Results From the Women's Health Initiative.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2017Trial
- Prospective association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and mortality: modulation by antioxidant supplementation in the SU.VI.MAX randomized controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2016Trial
- Dietary Inflammatory Index and Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease in the PREDIMED Study.Nutrients · 2015Trial
- Plant-based dietary patterns and risk of breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Review
- Article
- Cross-sectional study of the relationship between dietary inflammatory index and inflammatory hormonal and metabolic profiles in polycystic ovary syndrome.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Predictive role of the dietary inflammatory index on stroke risk among hypertensive patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The association between the Mediterranean Diet and the Prime Diet Quality Score and polycystic ovary syndrome: a case control study.BMC nutrition · 2025Article
- Associations between Dietary Patterns and Incident Colorectal Cancer in 114,443 Individuals from the UK Biobank: A Prospective Cohort Study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2024Article
- Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index and Diabetes Risk in Postmenopausal Hispanic Women.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2024Observational
70 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeInflammation is a process central to carcinogenesis and in particular to colorectal cancer (CRC). Previously, we developed a dietary inflammatory index (DII) from extensive literature review to assess the inflammatory potential of diet. In the current study, we utilized this novel index in the Women's Health Initiative to prospectively evaluate its association with risk of CRC in postmenopausal women.
methodsThe DII was calculated from baseline food frequency questionnaires administered to 152,536 women aged 50-79 years without CRC at baseline between 1993 and 1998 and followed through 30 September 2010. Incident CRC cases were ascertained through a central physician adjudication process. Multiple covariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) for colorectal, colon (proximal/distal locations), and rectal cancer risk, by DII quintiles (Q).
resultsDuring an average 11.3 years of follow-up, a total of 1,920 cases of CRC (1,559 colon and 361 rectal) were identified. Higher DII scores (representing a more pro-inflammatory diet) were associated with an increased incidence of CRC (HRQ5-Q1 1.22; 95 % CI 1.05, 1.43; p trend = 0.02) and colon cancer, specifically proximal colon cancer (HRQ5-Q1 1.35; 95 % CI 1.05, 1.67; p trend = 0.01) but not distal colon cancer (HRQ5-Q1 0.84; 95 % CI 0.61, 1.18; p trend = 0.63) or rectal cancer (HRQ5-Q1 1.20; 95 % CI 0.84, 1.72; p trend = 0.65).
conclusionConsumption of pro-inflammatory diets is associated with an increased risk of CRC, especially cancers located in the proximal colon. The absence of a significant association for distal colon cancer and rectal cancer may be due to the small number of incident cases for these sites. Interventions that may reduce the inflammatory potential of the diet are warranted to test our findings, thus providing more information for colon cancer prevention.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.