ArticlePsychosomatic medicine2015
Racial and ethnic differences in diurnal cortisol rhythms: are they consistent over time?
Article in Psychosomatic medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Salivary cortisol in post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2018Pooled it
- Are psychosocial factors and menopause symptoms related to hair cortisol concentrations among midlife Latinas? Results from theComprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Salivary Cortisol and Cognitive Decline and Alzheimer Disease in Older Adults.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Circadian Biomarkers in Humans: Methodological Insights into the Detection of Melatonin and Cortisol.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Everyday perceptions of safety and racial disparities in hair cortisol concentration.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2023Article
- Mechanisms of Cardiometabolic Health Outcomes and Disparities: What Characteristics of Chronic Stressors are Linked to HPA-Axis Dysregulation?Journal of aging and health · 2022Article
- The Role of Race, Sex, and Age in Circadian Disruption and Metabolic Disorders.Gastro hep advances · 2022Review
- Oxidative Stress, Testosterone, Cortisol, and Vitamin D: Differences in Professional Soccer Players of African and Caucasian Origin.Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 2022Article
- Exposure to police-related deaths and physiological stress among urban black youth.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2021Article
- The social ecology of childhood and early life adversity.Pediatric research · 2021Review
- Diurnal Cortisol Slope and Nighttime Blood Pressure: A Study in European Americans and African Americans.Ethnicity & disease · 2021Article
- Longitudinal Trajectories of Hair Cortisol: Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Dysfunction in Early Childhood.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Article
- Minimally-invasive methods for examining biological changes in response to chronic stress: A scoping review.International journal of nursing studies · 2020Article
- Plasma glucocorticogenic activity, race/ethnicity and alcohol intake among San Francisco Bay Area women.PloS one · 2020Observational
- Associations among maternal socioeconomic status in childhood and pregnancy and hair cortisol in pregnancy.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2019Article
- DNA methylation and sex-specific expression of FKBP5 as correlates of one-month bedtime cortisol levels in healthy individuals.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2018Article
- Stress-Related Biosocial Mechanisms of Discrimination and African American Health Inequities.Annual review of sociology · 2018Article
- Healthy Parks Healthy People as an Upstream Stress Reduction Strategy.Recreation, parks, and tourism in public health · 2018Article
- Detection of Zika virus using reverse-transcription LAMP coupled with reverse dot blot analysis in saliva.PloS one · 2018Article
- Examining the Impact of a Resilience-Based Hope Intervention on Pain-Evoked Cortisol Response.Journal of undergraduate research (Gainesville, Fla.) · 2018Article
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5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundPrior research indicates that blacks and Hispanics/Latinos have flatter diurnal cortisol declines across the day, a profile associated with poorer health. The stability of racial and ethnic differences in cortisol levels over time is not well understood, and additional research is needed to establish racial and ethnic differences in psychosocial stress levels as related to changes in cortisol levels.
methodsWith data from a community-based study of 152 adults (mean age = 58 years; 53% women; 34% black, 26% Hispanic/Latino), we examined the magnitude of racial and ethnic differences over a 5-year period. Salivary cortisol samples were obtained 3 times per day for 3 days in Years 1, 3, 4, and 5. Life events and chronic stress were assessed by questionnaires in which participants reported on whether they had experienced specific types of events or stress within the past year. Depressive symptoms scales (Center for Epidemiologic Studies of Depression Scale) were also administered annually. Daily cortisol slopes were calculated by subtracting wakeup cortisol from bedtime levels and dividing by hours awake.
resultsIncreases in psychosocial stress were associated with flatter cortisol slopes among blacks (β = 0.010) and Hispanics/Latinos (β = 0.014), although including cardiovascular disease risk factors attenuates associations in blacks (β = 0.007; p = .125). Higher income predicts a steepening of cortisol rhythms across the study (β = -0.003; p = .019).
conclusionsRacial and ethnic differences in diurnal cortisol rhythms are stable over time. However, the magnitude of changes in cortisol levels associated with chronic stress levels may vary by racial and ethnic subgroups.
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