ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2015
Polymeric synthetic nanoparticles for the induction of antigen-specific immunological tolerance.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 253 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
253 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 423 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bio-boosting transplants: a systematic review on biopolymers in vascular composite allotransplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Beyond the Prevention of Anti-drug Antibody Formation with Uricase Therapy: Mechanistic Roles of DMARDs in Modifying Gout Flare Risk.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026Review
- Rapamycin nanoparticles mitigate anti-AAV antibody formation in a mouse model of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Vaccines for Autoimmune Diseases: Stopping Triggers, Restoring BalanceA Systematic Review with Qualitative Synthesis.Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2026Review
- Nanoparticle-Enabled Modulation of the Bone Immune Microenvironment for Enhanced Regeneration.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Immunomodulatory Nanomaterials: Design Strategies, Mechanisms, Biomedical Applications, and Future Perspectives.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Strategies for Evading Cellular Immunity Against Recombinant AAV Vectors in Gene Therapy.Current medical science · 2026Review
- Advances in nanotechnology for the diagnosis and management of autoimmune diseases.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Review
- Molecular origin, discovery, validation and application of neoantigens.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Defined distribution and features of lymph node therapies enable recruitment and manipulation of antigen-specific T cell response.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Nanoparticle-Based Tolerogenic Vaccines: Next-Generation Strategies for Autoimmune and Allergic Disease Therapies.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Review
- Route of Administration Determines the Immunosuppressive Mechanism of Bifunctional Peptide Inhibitors in a Mouse EAE Model.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Immunotherapy of membranous nephropathy: strategic evolution from CD20 monoclonal antibodies to future vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Role of trained immunity in DCs and macrophages in the induction of Th2 responses and allergy treatment. What do we know?Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Regulatory T Cells and Nanomaterials: Dual Perspectives in Therapeutics and Immunomodulation.Small science · 2026Review
- Nanotechnology-Based Modulation of Autoimmune Microenvironments in Sjögren's Syndrome: A Review of Mechanistic Perspectives.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Targeting the Epithelial Alarmin Axis with Biomedical Nanoparticles: A New Frontier in Allergic Asthma Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Sustained microparticle-mediated intracellular immunomodulation enhances tolerogenic dendritic cell stability and antigen-specific Treg induction.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Remote loading of an autoantigen in PLGA nanoparticles for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2025Article
193 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Current treatments to control pathological or unwanted immune responses often use broadly immunosuppressive drugs. New approaches to induce antigen-specific immunological tolerance that control both cellular and humoral immune responses are desirable. Here we describe the use of synthetic, biodegradable nanoparticles carrying either protein or peptide antigens and a tolerogenic immunomodulator, rapamycin, to induce durable and antigen-specific immune tolerance, even in the presence of potent Toll-like receptor agonists. Treatment with tolerogenic nanoparticles results in the inhibition of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activation, an increase in regulatory cells, durable B-cell tolerance resistant to multiple immunogenic challenges, and the inhibition of antigen-specific hypersensitivity reactions, relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and antibody responses against coagulation factor VIII in hemophilia A mice, even in animals previously sensitized to antigen. Only encapsulated rapamycin, not the free form, could induce immunological tolerance. Tolerogenic nanoparticle therapy represents a potential novel approach for the treatment of allergies, autoimmune diseases, and prevention of antidrug antibodies against biologic therapies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.