ReviewJournal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)2015
Relevance of sonography for botulinum toxin treatment of cervical dystonia: an expert statement.
Review in Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- EMG versus US: a randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy in guiding botulinum toxin treatment in cervical dystonia.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2025Trial
- A simplified ultrasonography-guided approach for neurotoxin injection into the obliquus capitis inferior muscle in spasmodic torticollis.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2018Trial
- Review
- Comparing Injection Methods of Botulinum Toxin A for Cervical Dystonia: A Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Comparison of Guided and Unguided Botulinum Injections for Cervical Dystonia: EMG, Ultrasound, and Anatomic Landmarks.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2025Article
- Doses of Botulinum Toxin in Cervical Dystonia: Does Ultrasound Guidance Change Injection Practices?Toxins · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Article
- Anatomo-sonographic identification of the longissimus capitis and splenius cervicis muscles: principles for possible application to ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin injections in cervical dystonia.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2021Article
- The Role of Ultrasound for the Personalized Botulinum Toxin Treatment of Cervical Dystonia.Toxins · 2021Review
- Accuracy of non-guided versus ultrasound-guided injections in cervical muscles: a cadaver study.Journal of neurology · 2021Article
- Accuracy of Ultrasound-Guided and Non-guided Botulinum Toxin Injection Into Neck Muscles Involved in Cervical Dystonia: A Cadaveric Study.Annals of rehabilitation medicine · 2020Article
- Article
- Torticaput versus Torticollis: Clinical Effects with Modified Classification and Muscle Selection.Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) · 2019Article
- Injection into the Longus Colli Muscle via the Thyroid Gland.Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.) · 2019Article
- Spectrum of practice in the routine management of cervical dystonia with abobotulinumtoxinA: findings from three prospective open-label observational studies.Journal of clinical movement disorders · 2018Article
- Anatomy and cervical dystonia : "Dysfunction follows form".Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2017Review
- The option of sonographic guidance in Botulinum toxin injection for drooling in Parkinson's disease.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT A) is the first-line treatment for cervical dystonia. However, although BoNT A has a favorable safety profile and is effective in the majority of patients, in some cases the treatment outcome is disappointing or side effects occur when higher doses are used. It is likely that in such cases either the target muscles were not injected accurately or unintended weakness of non-target muscles occurred. It has been demonstrated in clinical trials for spastic movement disorders that sonography-guided BoNT A injections could improve treatment outcome. As the published evidence for a benefit of sonography-guided BoNT injection in patients with cervical dystonia is scarce, it is the aim of this review to discuss the relevance of sonography in this indication and provide a statement from clinical experts for its use. The clear advantage of sonography-guided injections is non-invasive, real-time visualization of the targeted muscle, thus improving the precision of injections and potentially the treatment outcomes as well as avoiding adverse effects. Other imaging techniques are of limited value due to high costs, radiation exposure or non-availability in clinical routine. In the hands of a trained injector, sonography is a quick and non-invasive imaging technique. Novel treatment concepts of cervical dystonia considering the differential contributions of distinct cranial and cervical muscles can reliably be implemented only by use of imaging-guided injection protocols.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.