ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2014
Blood lead concentrations in Jamaican children with and without autism spectrum disorder.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heavy metals and neurodevelopment of children in low and middle-income countries: A systematic review.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- Review
- Association between Autism Spectrum Disorder, Trace Elements, and Intracranial Fluid Spaces.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Review
- Are There Sex Differences in Interactive Associations of Environmental Exposure to Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), and Manganese (Mn) with GST Genes (Research in autism spectrum disorders · 2023Article
- Association between heavy metals exposure (cadmium, lead, arsenic, mercury) and child autistic disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Article
- Urinary aluminium and its association with autism spectrum disorder in urban preschool children in Malaysia.PeerJ · 2023Article
- Non-parental caregivers, low maternal education, gastrointestinal problems and high blood lead level: predictors related to the severity of autism spectrum disorder in Northeast China.BMC pediatrics · 2022Article
- Assessment of Urinary Lead (Pb) and Essential Trace Elements in Autism Spectrum Disorder: a Case-Control Study Among Preschool Children in Malaysia.Biological trace element research · 2022Article
- Concentrations of Lead, Mercury, Arsenic, Cadmium, Manganese, and Aluminum in the Blood of Pakistani Children with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Associated Factors.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Connecting inorganic mercury and lead measurements in blood to dietary sources of exposure that may impact child development.World journal of methodology · 2021Review
- Interaction between a Mixture of Heavy Metals (Lead, Mercury, Arsenic, Cadmium, Manganese, Aluminum) andResearch in autism spectrum disorders · 2020Article
- Concentrations of Lead, Mercury, Arsenic, Cadmium, Manganese, and Aluminum in Blood of Romanian Children Suspected of Having Autism Spectrum Disorder.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Interaction between manganese andResearch in autism spectrum disorders · 2018Article
- Potential Sex Differences Relative to Autism Spectrum Disorder and Metals.Current environmental health reports · 2017Review
- Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Infants and Children in Haiti, 2015.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder manifesting by early childhood. Lead is a toxic metal shown to cause neurodevelopmental disorders in children. Several studies have investigated the possible association between exposure to lead and ASD, but their findings are conflicting. Using data from 100 ASD cases (2-8 years of age) and their age- and sex-matched typically developing controls, we investigated the association between blood lead concentrations (BLC) and ASD in Jamaican children. We administered a questionnaire to assess demographic and socioeconomic information as well as exposure to potential lead sources. We used General Linear Models (GLM) to assess the association of BLC with ASD status as well as with sources of exposure to lead. In univariable GLM, we found a significant difference between geometric mean blood lead concentrations of ASD cases and controls (2.25 μg/dL cases vs. 2.73 μg/dL controls, p < 0.05). However, after controlling for potential confounders, there were no significant differences between adjusted geometric mean blood lead concentrations of ASD cases and controls (2.55 μg/dL vs. 2.72 μg/dL, p = 0.64). Our results do not support an association between BLC and ASD in Jamaican children. We have identified significant confounders when assessing an association between ASD and BLC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.