ArticleMovement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society2015
Olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: Positive effect of cigarette smoking.
Article in Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Olfactory dysfunction in aging and neurodegenerative diseases.Ageing research reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Olfactory dysfunction as a marker of neurodegenerative disease in older adults.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2026Article
- A Narrative Review on the Role of Microbiota and Microglia in Premotor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease.Neurotoxicity research · 2025Review
- Parkinson's Disease Non-Motor Subtypes Classification in a Group of Slovenian Patients: Actuarial vs. Data-Driven Approach.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Olfactory Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease, Its Functional and Neuroanatomical Correlates.NeuroSci · 2023Review
- International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Olfaction.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2022Review
- Environmental triggers of Parkinson's disease - Implications of the Braak and dual-hit hypotheses.Neurobiology of disease · 2022Review
- Residual olfactory dysfunction in coronavirus disease 2019 patients after long term recovery.Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia · 2021Article
- Olfactory Dysfunction in Patients Infected with 2019 Novel Coronavirus.Iranian journal of otorhinolaryngology · 2021Article
- Olfactory Dysfunction: A Clinical Marker of COVID-19.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2021Article
- Smell dysfunction: a biomarker for COVID-19.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2020Article
- Loss of Olfactory Function-Early Indicator for Covid-19, Other Viral Infections and Neurodegenerative Disorders.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Review
- Editorial: Nicotine and SARS-CoV-2: COVID-19 may be a disease of the nicotinic cholinergic system.Toxicology reports · 2020Article
- "Smelling and Tasting" Parkinson's Disease: Using Senses to Improve the Knowledge of the Disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2020Review
- Olfactory Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Diseases.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2018Review
- The Changing Landscape of Parkinson Epidemiologic Research.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere is compelling evidence from over 60 epidemiological studies that smoking significantly reduces the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). In general, those who currently smoke cigarettes, as well as those with a past history of such smoking, have a reduced risk of PD compared to those who have never smoked. Recently it has been suggested that a cardinal nonmotor sensory symptom of PD, olfactory dysfunction, may be less severe in PD patients who smoke than in PD patients who do not, in contrast to the negative effect of smoking on olfaction described in the general population.
methodsWe evaluated University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) scores from 323 PD patients and 323 controls closely matched individually on age, sex, and smoking history (never, past, or current).
resultsPatients exhibited much lower UPSIT scores than did the controls (P < 0.0001). The relative decline in dysfunction of the current PD smokers was less than that of the never- and past-PD smokers (respective Ps = 0.0005 and 0.0019). Female PD patients outperformed their male counterparts by a larger margin than did the female controls (3.66 vs. 1.07 UPSIT points; respective Ps < 0.0001 and 0.06). Age-related declines in UPSIT scores were generally present (P < 0.0001). No association between the olfactory measure and smoking dose, as indexed by pack-years, was evident.
conclusionsPD patients who currently smoke do not exhibit the smoking-related decline in olfaction observed in non-PD control subjects who currently smoke. The physiological basis of this phenomenon is yet to be defined.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.