ArticlePloS one2014
Transpapillary drug delivery to the breast.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Comprehensive Review on Current Knowledge and Future Potential of Topical Therapies in Breast Cancer Treatment.European journal of breast health · 2025Article
- Non-systemic Approaches for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: Exploring the Potential of Ultra-flexible Combisomes as a Novel Drug Delivery Strategy-a Review.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2023Review
- [Therapeutic peculiarities in diseases of the nipple skin].Dermatologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2022Review
- Microneedles Drug Delivery Systems for Treatment of Cancer: A Recent Update.Pharmaceutics · 2020Review
- CNTs mediated CD44 targeting; a paradigm shift in drug delivery for breast cancer.Genes & diseases · 2020Review
- Nanoemulsions Enhance in vitro Transpapillary Diffusion of Model Fluorescent Dye Nile Red.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer by Transdermal Delivery of α-Santalol through Breast Skin and Mammary Papilla (Nipple).Pharmaceutical research · 2017Article
- Drug delivery approaches for breast cancer.International journal of nanomedicine · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The study was aimed at investigating localized topical drug delivery to the breast via mammary papilla (nipple). 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and estradiol (EST) were used as model hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds respectively. Porcine and human nipple were used for in-vitro penetration studies. The removal of keratin plug enhanced the drug transport through the nipple. The drug penetration was significantly higher through the nipple compared to breast skin. The drug's lipophilicity had a significant influence on drug penetration through nipple. The ducts in the nipple served as a major transport pathway to the underlying breast tissue. Results showed that porcine nipple could be a potential model for human nipple. The topical application of 5-FU on the rat nipple resulted in high drug concentration in the breast and minimal drug levels in plasma and other organs. Overall, the findings from this study demonstrate the feasibility of localized drug delivery to the breast through nipple.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.