ArticleCellular & molecular immunology2016
CD4(+) T-cell dependence of primary CD8(+) T-cell response against vaccinia virus depends upon route of infection and viral dose.
Article in Cellular & molecular immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- T lymphocyte-specific deletion of SHP1 and SHP2 promotes activation-induced cell death of CD4Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Vaccinia Virus-A Swiss Army Knife Against Cancer.Cancers · 2025Review
- On the nature of signal 1 delivered to lymphocytes: A critical response to some considerations put forward in support of the quantum model of T cell activation.Scandinavian journal of immunology · 2025Review
- Distinct Requirements for CD4European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Role of lamin A/C on dendritic cell function in antiviral immunity.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Article
- Vaccinia Virus: Mechanisms Supporting Immune Evasion and Successful Long-Term Protective Immunity.Viruses · 2024Review
- From Bench to Field: A Guide to Formulating and Evaluating Anti-Tick Vaccines Delving beyond Efficacy to Effectiveness.Vaccines · 2021Review
- Frontline Science: CD40 signaling restricts RNA virus replication in Mϕs, leading to rapid innate immune control of acute virus infection.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2021Article
- Recent Development of Ruminant Vaccine Against Viral Diseases.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2021Review
- Article
- The Virulence of Different Vaccinia Virus Strains Is Directly Proportional to Their Ability To Downmodulate Specific Cell-Mediated Immune CompartmentsJournal of virology · 2019Article
- Immune Responses to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus During the Acute and Convalescent Phases of Human Infection.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Article
- Tissue-resident lymphocytes: from adaptive to innate immunity.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2019Review
- Comparative Evaluation of the Immune Responses in Cattle Mammary Tissues Naturally Infected with Bovine Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 and Bovine Alphaherpesvirus-1.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- MicroRNA-155 Controls T Helper Cell Activation During Viral Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Myeloid-specific Acat1 ablation attenuates inflammatory responses in macrophages, improves insulin sensitivity, and suppresses diet-induced obesity.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2018Article
- CD70 encoded by modified vaccinia virus Ankara enhances CD8 T-cell-dependent protective immunity in MHC class II-deficient mice.Immunology · 2018Article
- Review
- Features of Effective T Cell-Inducing Vaccines against Chronic Viral Infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
CD4(+) T-cell help (CD4 help) plays a pivotal role in CD8(+) T-cell responses against viral infections. However, the role in primary CD8(+) T-cell responses remains controversial. We evaluated the effects of infection route and viral dose on primary CD8(+) T-cell responses to vaccinia virus (VACV) in MHC class II(-/-) mice. CD4 help deficiency diminished the generation of VACV-specific CD8(+) T cells after intraperitoneal (i.p.) but not after intranasal (i.n.) infection. A large viral dose could not restore normal expansion of VACV-specific CD8(+) T cells in i.p. infected MHC II(-/-) mice. In contrast, dependence on CD4 help was observed in i.n. infected MHC II(-/-) mice when a small viral dose was used. These data suggested that primary CD8(+) T-cell responses are less dependent on CD4 help in i.n. infection compared to i.p. infection. Activated CD8(+) T cells produced more IFN-γ, TNF-α and granzyme B in i.n. infected mice than those in i.p. infected mice, regardless of CD4 help. IL-2 signaling via CD25 was not necessary to drive expansion of VACV-specific CD8(+) T cells in i.n. infection, but it was crucial in i.p. infection. VACV-specific CD8(+) T cells underwent increased apoptosis in the absence of CD4 help, but proliferated normally and had cytotoxic potential, regardless of infection route. Our results indicate that route of infection and viral dose are two determinants for CD4 help dependence, and intranasal infection induces more potent effector CD8(+) T cells than i.p. infection.
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