Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25543539›Full record

ArticleHuman genetics2015

Genetic and environmental components of family history in type 2 diabetes.

Marilyn C Cornelis, Noah Zaitlen, Frank B Hu, Peter Kraft, Alkes L Price

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Human genetics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
35citing papers in PubMed
1.2field-weighted citation impact, top 20% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

35 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
  3. Family member involvement when multiple family members have type 1 diabetes.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. The Effect ofThe Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2022
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Evaluating the interrelations between the autism polygenic score and psychiatric family history in risk for autism.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2022
    Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Marilyn C CornelisDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N Lake Shore, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA, mcorneli@hsph.harvard.edu.
Noah Zaitlen
Frank B Hu
Peter Kraft
Alkes L Price
Harvard University · USBroad Institute · USNorthwestern University · USUniversity of California, San Francisco · US

Funding

Statistical MethodsP01CA087969 · NCI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI TWOROGER, SHELLEY S · 2000 to 2019
$77.8M
Validity of Diet and Activity Measures in WomenP01CA055075 · NCI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI FUCHS, CHARLES S · 1991 to 2009
$41.8M
GRADUATE TRAINING IN BIOSTATISTICST32ES007142 · NIEHS · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI Brent Andrew Coull · 1985 to 2026
$11.9M
BIOCHEMICAL AND GENETIC MARKERS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES RISKR01DK058845 · NIDDK · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI HU, FRANK B · 2001 to 2013
$7.8M
Genes and Environment Initiatives in Type 2 DiabetesU01HG004399 · NHGRI · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI HU, FRANK B · 2007 to 2008
$1.2M
Richer Models of Asthma Risk: Bridging the Environment-Genetics DivideK25HL121295 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI ZAITLEN, NOAH A · 2014 to 2018
$784k
Liability threshold modeling of genes and environment in case-control studiesR21ES020754 · NIEHS · HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI PRICE, ALKES L · 2012 to 2014
$496k
NCI NIH HHS P01 CA055075NCI NIH HHS P01CA055075NCI NIH HHS P01 CA087969NCI NIH HHS P01CA087969NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG004399NHGRI NIH HHS U01HG004399NHLBI NIH HHS K25 HL121295NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK058845NIDDK NIH HHS R01DK058845NIEHS NIH HHS R21 ES020754NIEHS NIH HHS R21ES020754-01NIEHS NIH HHS T32 ES007142
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Family history of diabetes is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), but whether this association derives from shared genetic or environmental factors is unclear. To address this question, we developed a statistical framework that models four components of variance, including known and unknown genetic and environmental factors, using a liability threshold model. Focusing on parental history, we simulated case-control studies with two first-degree relatives for each individual, assuming 50 % genetic similarity and a range of values of environmental similarity. By comparing the association of parental history with T2D in our simulations to case-control studies of T2D nested in the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study, we estimate that first-degree relatives have a correlation of 23 % (95 % CI 15-27 %) in their environmental contribution to T2D liability and that this shared environment is responsible for 32 % (95 % CI 24-36 %) of the association between parental history and T2D, with the remainder due to shared genetics. Estimates are robust to varying model parameter values and our framework can be extended to different definitions of family history. In conclusion, we find that the association between parental history and T2D derives from predominately genetic but also environmental effects.

Indexed as

FamilyGene-Environment InteractionModels, GeneticAdultCase-Control StudiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle Aged

Identifiers

PMID25543539
PMCPMC4293229
OpenAlexW2001786405

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.