Trial reportThe international journal of neuropsychopharmacology2014
Neural effects of cannabinoid CB1 neutral antagonist tetrahydrocannabivarin on food reward and aversion in healthy volunteers.
Trial report in The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of neuroimaging and acute cannabis exposure in age-of-risk for psychosis.Translational psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Great Expectations: A Critical Review of and Suggestions for the Study of Reward Processing as a Cause and Predictor of Depression.Biological psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Cannabinoid Receptors: An Update on Cell Signaling, Pathophysiological Roles and Therapeutic Opportunities in Neurological, Cardiovascular, and Inflammatory Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Pooled it
- The CB1 Neutral Antagonist Tetrahydrocannabivarin Reduces Default Mode Network and Increases Executive Control Network Resting State Functional Connectivity in Healthy Volunteers.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2015Trial
- Pharmacological Switching in Minor Phytocannabinoids: A Mechanistic Framework for Compound-Indication Matching and Precision Neurotherapeutic Development.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The role of the caudate nucleus in taste function: a comprehensive narrative review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Application of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to estimate the normal boiling points of ∆9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) and ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).Journal of cannabis research · 2025Article
- The Endocannabinoid System in the Development and Treatment of Obesity: Searching for New Ideas.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Tetrahydrocannabivarin is Not Tetrahydrocannabinol.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2025Review
- The role of tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) in metabolic disorders: A promising cannabinoid for diabetes and weight management.AIMS neuroscience · 2025Review
- The Development of Cannabinoids as Therapeutic Agents in the United States.Pharmacological reviews · 2024Review
- Opportunities, Challenges, and Scientific Progress in Hemp Crops.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Review
- Minor Phytocannabinoids: A Misleading Name but a Promising Opportunity for Biomedical Research.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Review
- Integrative Hedonic and Homeostatic Food Intake Regulation by the Central Nervous System: Insights from Neuroimaging.Brain sciences · 2022Review
- An Evaluation of Understudied Phytocannabinoids and Their Effects in Two Neuronal Models.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Review
- Minor Cannabinoids: Biosynthesis, Molecular Pharmacology and Potential Therapeutic Uses.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Ghrelin and Cannabinoid Functional Interactions Mediated by Ghrelin/CBFrontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDisturbances in the regulation of reward and aversion in the brain may underlie disorders such as obesity and eating disorders. We previously showed that the cannabis receptor subtype (CB1) inverse agonist rimonabant, an antiobesity drug withdrawn due to depressogenic side effects, diminished neural reward responses yet increased aversive responses (Horder et al., 2010). Unlike rimonabant, tetrahydrocannabivarin is a neutral CB1 receptor antagonist (Pertwee, 2005) and may therefore produce different modulations of the neural reward system. We hypothesized that tetrahydrocannabivarin would, unlike rimonabant, leave intact neural reward responses but augment aversive responses.
methodsWe used a within-subject, double-blind design. Twenty healthy volunteers received a single dose of tetrahydrocannabivarin (10mg) and placebo in randomized order on 2 separate occasions. We measured the neural response to rewarding (sight and/or flavor of chocolate) and aversive stimuli (picture of moldy strawberries and/or a less pleasant strawberry taste) using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Volunteers rated pleasantness, intensity, and wanting for each stimulus.
resultsThere were no significant differences between groups in subjective ratings. However, tetrahydrocannabivarin increased responses to chocolate stimuli in the midbrain, anterior cingulate cortex, caudate, and putamen. Tetrahydrocannabivarin also increased responses to aversive stimuli in the amygdala, insula, mid orbitofrontal cortex, caudate, and putamen.
conclusionsOur findings are the first to show that treatment with the CB1 neutral antagonist tetrahydrocannabivarin increases neural responding to rewarding and aversive stimuli. This effect profile suggests therapeutic activity in obesity, perhaps with a lowered risk of depressive side effects.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.