ArticlePloS one2014
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neuronal biomarkers across the spectrum of HIV infection: hierarchy of injury and detection.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Implications and prospects of immunological and neuroimaging research in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Longitudinal changes in plasma biomarkers of immune activation, neuronal inflammation and injury in persons with HIV initiating ART.HIV medicine · 2026Trial
- Neuroaxonal Injury in Acute HIV Infection and Following Immediate Antiretroviral Therapy.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Implications of virus-induced stress granules in tauopathies.Translational neurodegeneration · 2026Review
- Cerebrospinal fluid markers of alzheimer's pathology relate to aMCI among people with HIV.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Article
- Biomarkers Unveiling the Interplay of Mind, Nervous System, and Immunity.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Review
- Cerebrospinal Fluid and Peripheral Blood Lymphomonocyte Single-Cell Transcriptomics in a Subject with Multiple Sclerosis Acutely Infected with HIV.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Changes in cerebrospinal fluid proteins across the spectrum of untreated and treated chronic HIV-1 infection.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Central Nervous System Effects of Early HIV Infection and Consequences of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation during Acute HIV.Viruses · 2024Review
- Impact of interrupting antiretroviral therapy started during primary HIV-1 infection on plasma neurofilament light chain protein, a marker of neuronal injury: The SPARTAC trial.Journal of virus eradication · 2024Article
- Effects of Antiretroviral Treatment on Central and Peripheral Immune Response in Mice with EcoHIV Infection.Cells · 2024Article
- HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder: A Look into Cellular and Molecular Pathology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Neurosyphilis is characterized by a compartmentalized and robust neuroimmune response but not by neuronal injury.Med (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Exposure Is Associated with Lower Alzheimer's Disease Risk: A Retrospective Cohort Proof-of-Concept Study.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Non-classical monocyte levels correlate negatively with HIV-associated cerebral small vessel disease and cognitive performance.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Observational
- CSF Extracellular Vesicle Aβ42 and Tau/Aβ42 Ratio Are Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Older People with HIV.Viruses · 2023Article
- Elevated Plasma Protein Carbonyl Concentration Is Associated with More Abnormal White Matter in People with HIV.Viruses · 2023Article
- Mechanisms underlying HIV-associated cognitive impairment and emerging therapies for its management.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2023Review
- Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The character of central nervous system (CNS) HIV infection and its effects on neuronal integrity vary with evolving systemic infection. Using a cross-sectional design and archived samples, we compared concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neuronal biomarkers in 143 samples from 8 HIV-infected subject groups representing a spectrum of untreated systemic HIV progression and viral suppression: primary infection; four groups of chronic HIV infection neuroasymptomatic (NA) subjects defined by blood CD4+ T cells of >350, 200-349, 50-199, and <50 cells/µL; HAD; treatment-induced viral suppression; and 'elite' controllers. Samples from 20 HIV-uninfected controls were also examined. The neuronal biomarkers included neurofilament light chain protein (NFL), total and phosphorylated tau (t-tau, p-tau), soluble amyloid precursor proteins alpha and beta (sAPPα, sAPPβ) and amyloid beta (Aβ) fragments 1-42, 1-40 and 1-38. Comparison of the biomarker changes showed a hierarchy of sensitivity in detection and suggested evolving mechanisms with progressive injury. NFL was the most sensitive neuronal biomarker. Its CSF concentration exceeded age-adjusted norms in all HAD patients, 75% of NA CD4<50, 40% of NA CD4 50-199, and 42% of primary infection, indicating common neuronal injury with untreated systemic HIV disease progression as well as transiently during early infection. By contrast, only 75% of HAD subjects had abnormal CSF t-tau levels, and there were no significant differences in t-tau levels among the remaining groups. sAPPα and β were also abnormal (decreased) in HAD, showed less marked change than NFL with CD4 decline in the absence of HAD, and were not decreased in PHI. The CSF Aβ peptides and p-tau concentrations did not differ among the groups, distinguishing the HIV CNS injury profile from Alzheimer's disease. These CSF biomarkers can serve as useful tools in selected research and clinical settings for patient classification, pathogenetic analysis, diagnosis and management.
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