Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25541518›Full record

ReviewInfection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases2015

Recombination in viruses: mechanisms, methods of study, and evolutionary consequences.

Marcos Pérez-Losada, Miguel Arenas, Juan Carlos Galán, Ferran Palero, Fernando González-Candelas

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 222 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
222citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

222 citing papers in PubMed.

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  15. Anellovirus protein encoded byProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
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  20. Genomic analysis ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article

162 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Marcos Pérez-LosadaCIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Portugal; Computational Biology Institute, George Washington University, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA.
Miguel ArenasCentre for Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
Juan Carlos GalánServicio de Microbiología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Spain.
Ferran PaleroCIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Spain; Unidad Mixta Infección y Salud Pública, FISABIO-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
Fernando González-CandelasCIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Spain; Unidad Mixta Infección y Salud Pública, FISABIO-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain. Electronic address: fernando.gonzalez@uv.es.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recombination is a pervasive process generating diversity in most viruses. It joins variants that arise independently within the same molecule, creating new opportunities for viruses to overcome selective pressures and to adapt to new environments and hosts. Consequently, the analysis of viral recombination attracts the interest of clinicians, epidemiologists, molecular biologists and evolutionary biologists. In this review we present an overview of three major areas related to viral recombination: (i) the molecular mechanisms that underlie recombination in model viruses, including DNA-viruses (Herpesvirus) and RNA-viruses (Human Influenza Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus), (ii) the analytical procedures to detect recombination in viral sequences and to determine the recombination breakpoints, along with the conceptual and methodological tools currently used and a brief overview of the impact of new sequencing technologies on the detection of recombination, and (iii) the major areas in the evolutionary analysis of viral populations on which recombination has an impact. These include the evaluation of selective pressures acting on viral populations, the application of evolutionary reconstructions in the characterization of centralized genes for vaccine design, and the evaluation of linkage disequilibrium and population structure.

Indexed as

Evolution, MolecularAnimalsHumansLinkage DisequilibriumMutationReassortant VirusesRecombination, GeneticVirus DiseasesVirusesLinkage disequilibriumMutation ratePopulation structureReassortmentRecombinationRecombination rate

Identifiers

PMID25541518
PMCPMC7106159

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.