Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25540728›Full record

ReviewWorld journal of psychiatry2014

Racial disparities in psychotic disorder diagnosis: A review of empirical literature.

Robert C Schwartz, David M Blankenship

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in World journal of psychiatry, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 150 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
150citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

150 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. A meta-analysis of the role of neighborhood deprivation in psychotic disorders.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025
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  17. Again/st the Mad SubjectNursing philosophy : an international journal for healthcare professionals · 2026
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90 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Robert C SchwartzRobert C Schwartz, David M Blankenship, School of Counseling, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-5007, United States.
David M BlankenshipRobert C Schwartz, David M Blankenship, School of Counseling, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-5007, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Psychotic disorder diagnoses are common in the United States and internationally. However, racial disparities in rates of psychotic disorder diagnoses have been reported across time and mental health professions. This literature review provides an updated and comprehensive summary of empirical research on race and diagnosis of psychotic disorders spanning a 24-year period. Findings reveal a clear and pervasive pattern wherein African American/Black consumers show a rate of on average three to four higher than Euro-American/White consumers. Latino American/Hispanic consumers were also disproportionately diagnosed with psychotic disorders on average approximately three times higher compared to Euro-American/White consumers. In addition, a trend among international studies suggests that immigrant racial minority consumers receiving mental health services may be assigned a psychotic disorder diagnosis more frequently than native consumers sharing a majority racial background. Potential explanations for this phenomenon are discussed, including possible clinical bias and sociological causes such as differential access to healthcare and willingness to participate in mental health services. Directions for future research should include the exploration of disproportionate diagnoses according to race through qualitative interviewing as well as empirical investigation.

Indexed as

DiagnosisEthnicityPsychosisRaceReview

Identifiers

PMID25540728
PMCPMC4274585

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.