Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25539675›Full record

ArticleGut2016

A novel human gastric primary cell culture system for modelling Helicobacter pylori infection in vitro.

Philipp Schlaermann, Benjamin Toelle, Hilmar Berger, Sven C Schmidt, Matthias Glanemann, Jürgen Ordemann, Sina Bartfeld, Hans J Mollenkopf, Thomas F Meyer

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Gut, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 134 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
134citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

134 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Physical, chemical, and structural properties of human gastric organoid-derived mucus.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Organoids for Genotoxicity Assessment.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. The immunoregulatory role of helper T cells inFrontiers in immunology · 2025
    Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Article

74 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Philipp SchlaermannDepartment of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.
Benjamin ToelleDepartment of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.
Hilmar BergerDepartment of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.
Sven C SchmidtClinics for General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Matthias GlanemannClinics for General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Jürgen OrdemannCenter of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
Sina BartfeldDepartment of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany Hubrecht Institute/KNAW and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Hans J MollenkopfDepartment of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.
Thomas F MeyerDepartment of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6120-8679

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

aimsHelicobacter pylori is the causative agent of gastric diseases and the main risk factor in the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. In vitro studies with this bacterial pathogen largely rely on the use of transformed cell lines as infection model. However, this approach is intrinsically artificial and especially inappropriate when it comes to investigating the mechanisms of cancerogenesis. Moreover, common cell lines are often defective in crucial signalling pathways relevant to infection and cancer. A long-lived primary cell system would be preferable in order to better approximate the human in vivo situation.

methodsGastric glands were isolated from healthy human stomach tissue and grown in Matrigel containing media supplemented with various growth factors, developmental regulators and apoptosis inhibitors to generate long-lasting normal epithelial cell cultures.

resultsCulture conditions were developed which support the formation and quasi-indefinite growth of three dimensional (3D) spheroids derived from various sites of the human stomach. Spheroids could be differentiated to gastric organoids after withdrawal of Wnt3A and R-spondin1 from the medium. The 3D cultures exhibit typical morphological features of human stomach tissue. Transfer of sheared spheroids into 2D culture led to the formation of dense planar cultures of polarised epithelial cells serving as a suitable in vitro model of H. pylori infection.

conclusionsA robust and quasi-immortal 3D organoid model has been established, which is considered instrumental for future research aimed to understand the underlying mechanisms of infection, mucosal immunity and cancer of the human stomach.

Indexed as

AdenocarcinomaCell LineCells, CulturedCulture MediaGastric MucosaHelicobacter InfectionsHelicobacter pyloriHumansModels, BiologicalPyloric AntrumStomachStomach NeoplasmsCulture MediaGASTRIC CANCERHELICOBACTER PYLORI

Identifiers

PMID25539675
PMCPMC4752654

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.