ArticleHeart and vessels2016
Gender differences in sensitivity of acetylcholine and ergonovine to coronary spasm provocation test.
Article in Heart and vessels, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- The diagnostic role of pharmacological provocation testing in cardiac electrophysiology: a clinical consensus statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association and the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) of the ESC, the ESC Working Group on Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy, the Association of European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC), the Paediatric & Congenital Electrophysiology Society (PACES), the Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), and the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS).Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2025Guideline
- Acetylcholine Provocation Testing for Coronary Vasomotor Disorders.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Clinical Presentation and Treatment Response in Women With Acetylcholine-Confirmed Coronary Spasm: A Single-Center Observational Study.Clinical cardiology · 2026Observational
- Ischemia with Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: Sex-Based Differences in Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation, and Prognosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- A Case of Refractory Variant Angina.Cureus · 2024Article
- Coronary Spasm Testing with Acetylcholine: A Powerful Tool for a Personalized Therapy of Coronary Vasomotor Disorders.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Coronary spasm and vasomotor dysfunction as a cause of MINOCA.EuroIntervention : journal of EuroPCR in collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology · 2024Review
- Vasospastic angina in women: Clinical backgrounds and prognoses of patients younger than and older than 60 years.World journal of cardiology · 2023Article
- Invasive Evaluation for Coronary Vasospasm.US cardiology · 2023Review
- Contemporary and future invasive coronary vasomotor function testing and treatment in patients with ischaemia with no obstructive coronary arteries.European heart journal supplements : journal of the European Society of Cardiology · 2022Article
- Coronary artery spasm-induced acute myocardial infarction in patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries.Heart and vessels · 2021Article
- A case report: intracoronary acetylcholine testing without a pacemaker may be one option in the left coronary artery.European heart journal. Case reports · 2021Article
- Intracoronary Thrombogenicity in Patients with Vasospastic Angina: An Observation Using Coronary Angioscopy.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Sex-related Differences in Patients with Positive Coronary Spasm as Identified by Acetylcholine Testing.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2021Article
- Outpatient Management of Patients With Angina With No Obstructive Coronary Arteries: How to Come to a Proper Diagnosis and Therapy.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Review
- Sex Differences in Coronary Function Test Results in Patient With Angina and Nonobstructive Disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Article
- Spasm Provocation Test Using Acetylcholine in Patients with Bronchial Asthma: An Important Step Forward.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2020Article
- Assessment of Vascular Dysfunction in Patients Without Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease: Why, How, and When.JACC. Cardiovascular interventions · 2020Review
- History of gastroesophageal reflux disease in patients with suspected coronary artery disease.Heart and vessels · 2019Observational
- Differential incidence and morphology of provoked spasm between intracoronary acetylcholine and ergonovine testing: recommendation of supplementary use.Heart and vessels · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We examined the sex difference concerning the coronary artery response between ACh and ER in this study. We already reported the difference of coronary response between acetylcholine (ACh) and ergonovine (ER). We performed both ACh and ER tests of 461 patients (male 294 patients, female 167 patients, mean age 64.4 ± 11.3 years) during 23 years. Positive coronary spasm was defined as >99 % transient luminal narrowing with usual chest pain and/or ischemic ECG changes. Firstly, ACh was administered in incremental doses of 20/50/(80) μg into the RCA and 20/50/100/(200) μg into the LCA over 20 s. Secondly, ER was administered in a total dose of 40 μg into the RCA and of 64 μg into the LCA over 2-4 min. Intracoronary injection of ACh and ER provoked spasm in 221 patients consisting of 160 male patients and 61 female patients. In female patients, the spasm provoked by ACh was almost perfect except in two patients (59 patients, 96.7 %), while ER provoked spasm in only 20 patients (32.8 %). In male patients, provoked spasm by ACh (129 patients, 80.6 %) was significantly higher than ER (97 patients, 60.6 %). As a spasm provocation test, ACh is more sensitive than ER in both sexes and especially in females. We may select two pharmacological agents by sex differences to provoke coronary artery spasm in the cardiac catheterization laboratory in the future.
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