ArticleRetrovirology2014
Friend retrovirus drives cytotoxic effectors through Toll-like receptor 3.
Article in Retrovirology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Review
- The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Retroviral Infection.Microorganisms · 2020Review
- Insights into Sensing of Murine Retroviruses.Viruses · 2020Review
- Loss of mitochondrial ClpP, Lonp1, and Tfam triggers transcriptional induction of Rnf213, a susceptibility factor for moyamoya disease.Neurogenetics · 2020Article
- Systemic Expression of a Viral RdRP Protects against Retrovirus Infection and Disease.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Beyond Tethering the Viral Particles: Immunomodulatory Functions of Tetherin (DNA and cell biology · 2019Review
- Friend retrovirus studies reveal complex interactions between intrinsic, innate and adaptive immunity.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2019Review
- Article
- Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α is Essential for Macrophage-mediated Erythroblast Proliferation in Acute Friend Retrovirus Infection.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Biological Activities of Extracellular Vesicles and Their Cargos from Bovine and Human Milk in Humans and Implications for Infants.The Journal of nutrition · 2017Review
- Insufficient natural killer cell responses against retroviruses: how to improve NK cell killing of retrovirus-infected cells.Retrovirology · 2016Review
- Plant microRNAs as novel immunomodulatory agents.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Tetherin/BST-2 promotes dendritic cell activation and function during acute retrovirus infection.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Tetherin/BST-2: Restriction Factor or Immunomodulator?Current HIV research · 2016Review
- PD-L1 Expression on Retrovirus-Infected Cells Mediates Immune Escape from CD8+ T Cell Killing.PLoS pathogens · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPathogen recognition drives host defense towards viral infections. Specific groups rather than single members of the protein family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as membrane spanning Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytosolic helicases might mediate sensing of replication intermediates of a specific virus species. TLR7 mediates host sensing of retroviruses and could significantly influence retrovirus-specific antibody responses. However, the origin of efficient cell-mediated immunity towards retroviruses is unknown. Double-stranded RNA intermediates produced during retroviral replication are good candidates for immune stimulatory viral products. Thus, we considered TLR3 as primer of cell-mediated immunity against retroviruses in vivo.
resultsInfection of mice deficient in TLR3 (TLR3(-/-)) with Friend retrovirus (FV) complex revealed higher viral loads during acute retroviral infection compared to wild type mice. TLR3(-/-) mice exhibited significantly lower expression levels of type I interferons (IFNs) and IFN-stimulated genes like Pkr or Ifi44, as well as reduced numbers of activated myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) (CD86(+) and MHC-II(+)). DCs generated from FV-infected TLR3(-/-) mice were less capable of priming virus-specific CD8(+) T cell proliferation. Moreover, cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells as well as CD8(+) T cells were reduced in vitro and in vivo, respectively, in FV-infected TLR3(-/-) mice.
conclusionsTLR3 mediates antiretroviral cytotoxic NK cell and CD8(+) T cell activity in vivo. Our findings qualify TLR3 as target of immune therapy against retroviral infections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.