ArticleBMC psychiatry2014
Early risk factors for adult bipolar disorder in adolescents with mood disorders: a 15-year follow-up of a community sample.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Distinguishing bipolar disorder from unipolar depression in general practice: A systematic review.The European journal of general practice · 2026Pooled it
- Lipid Biomarker Research in Bipolar Disorder: A Scoping Review of Trends, Challenges, and Future Directions.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2023Article
- Valproate Adjuvant Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Panic Disorder Patients With Comorbid Bipolar Disorder: Case Series and Review of the Literature.Psychiatry investigation · 2022Article
- Physical fitness in patients with bipolar disorder compared with a population-based sample.Health science reports · 2022Article
- Women and ethnoracial minorities with poor cardiovascular health measures associated with a higher risk of developing mood disorder.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2021Article
- 'Pediatric Bipolar Disorder' rates are still lower than claimed: a re-examination of eight epidemiological surveys used by an updated meta-analysis.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2021Article
- Precursors of self-reported subclinical hypomania in adolescence: A longitudinal general population study.PloS one · 2021Article
- Uppsala Longitudinal Adolescent Depression Study (ULADS).BMJ open · 2019Article
- Parental separation in childhood as a risk factor for depression in adulthood: a community-based study of adolescents screened for depression and followed up after 15 years.BMC psychiatry · 2017Article
- Early interventions for youths at high risk for bipolar disorder: a developmental approach.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2016Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWe aimed to outline the early risk factors for adult bipolar disorder (BPD) in adolescents with mood disorders.
methodsAdolescents (16-17 years old) with mood disorders (n = 287; 90 participants with hypomania spectrum episodes and 197 with major depressive disorder [MDD]) were identified from a community sample. Fifteen years later (at 30-33 years of age), mood episodes were assessed (n = 194). The risk of developing BPD (n = 22), compared with MDD (n = 104) or no mood episodes in adulthood (n = 68), was estimated via logistic regression. Adolescent mood symptoms, non-mood disorders, and family characteristics were assessed as potential risk factors.
resultsAmong the adolescents with mood disorders, a family history of BPD was the strongest predictor of developing BPD compared with having no mood episodes in adulthood (OR = 5.94; 95% CI = 1.11-31.73), whereas disruptive disorders significantly increased the risk of developing BPD compared with developing MDD (OR = 2.94; CI = 1.06-8.12). The risk that adolescents with MDD would develop adult BPD, versus having no mood episodes in adulthood, was elevated among those with an early disruptive disorder (OR = 3.62; CI = 1.09-12.07) or multiple somatic symptoms (OR = 6.60; CI = 1.70-25.67). Only disruptive disorders significantly predicted adult BPD among adolescents with MDD versus continued MDD in adulthood (OR = 3.59; CI = 1.17-10.97). Only a few adolescents with hypomania spectrum episodes continued to have BPD as adults, and anxiety disorders appeared to increase this risk.
conclusionsAlthough most of the identified potential risk factors are likely general predictors of continued mood disorders, disruptive disorders emerged as specific predictors of developing adult BPD among adolescents with MDD.
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