ArticleThe international journal of neuropsychopharmacology2014
BDNF release is required for the behavioral actions of ketamine.
Article in The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 187 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
187 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 365 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of psychedelics on neurogenesis and broader neuroplasticity: a systematic review.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Pooled it
- A scientometric analysis of research on the role of NMDA receptor in the treatment of depression.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- The Mechanisms Behind Rapid Antidepressant Effects of Ketamine: A Systematic Review With a Focus on Molecular Neuroplasticity.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of Continuous Perioperative Esketamine Infusion on Postoperative Depression in Breast Cancer Patients: A Randomized Controlled Double-Blind Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Trial
- Translating the immediate effects of S-Ketamine using hippocampal subfield analysis in healthy subjects-results of a randomized controlled trial.Translational psychiatry · 2021Trial
- Rapid and sustained symptom reduction following psilocybin treatment for anxiety and depression in patients with life-threatening cancer: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2016Trial
- Microglia-Dependent BDNF Signaling in the Dentate Gyrus Underlies the Antidepressant Effects of Gardiquimod, a Toll-Like Receptor 7 Agonist, in Chronically Stressed Mice.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- TrkB/mGluR5 cross-talk underlies a synaptic metaplasticity mechanism of ketamine.Science advances · 2026Article
- A Time-Sensitive Plasticity Distinguishes the Rapid and Sustained Synaptic Actions of Ketamine from Its (2The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- An Overview of Depression Pathogenesis: Prevailing Hypotheses and Associated Neurobiological Underpinnings Primarily Evidenced by Rodent Studies.Depression and anxiety · 2026Review
- Neural signaling mechanisms in depression: bridging classical monoamine hypotheses, animal models, and emerging antidepressant strategies.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Dapagliflozin mitigates cognitive deficits in a rat model of chronic restrained stress by addressing insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- The therapeutic potential of psilocybin beyond psychedelia through shared mechanisms with ketamine.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Review
- Article
- Mechanism of antidepressant action of ketamine and differences between its two enantiomers.Journal of anesthesia and translational medicine · 2025Review
- Effects of ketamine on postoperative cognition: a scoping review.British journal of anaesthesia · 2025Article
- Article
- The Pathogenesis and Medical Treatment of Depression: Opportunity and Challenge.Neurology international · 2025Review
- Ketamine-From an Anesthetic to a Psychiatric Drug: Mechanisms of Action, Clinical Applications and Potential Risks.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Exploring the Different Impacts of Ketamine on Neurotrophic Factors and Inflammatory Parameters in a Cecal Ligation and Puncture-Induced Sepsis Model.Neurotoxicity research · 2025Article
127 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedErratum.2016
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRecent studies demonstrate that the rapid antidepressant ketamine increases spine number and function in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and that these effects are dependent on activation of glutamate α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In vitro studies also show that activation of AMPA receptors stimulates BNDF release via activation of L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCC).
methodsBased on this evidence, we examined the role of BDNF release and the impact of L-type VDCCs on the behavioral actions of ketamine.
resultsThe results demonstrate that infusion of a neutralizing BDNF antibody into the mPFC blocks the behavioral effects of ketamine in the forced swim test (FST). In addition, we show that pretreatment with nifedipine or verapamil, two structurally-different L-type calcium channel antagonists, blocks the behavioral effects of ketamine in the FST. Finally, we show that ketamine treatment stimulates BDNF release in primary cortical neurons and that this effect is blocked by inhibition of AMPA receptors or L-type VDCCs.
conclusionsTaken together, these results indicate that the antidepressant effects of ketamine are mediated by activation of L-type VDCCs and the release of BDNF. They further elucidate the cellular mechanisms underlying this novel rapid-acting antidepressant.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.