ArticleInternational journal of preventive medicine2014
New insight into fat, muscle and bone relationship in women: determining the threshold at which body fat assumes negative relationship with bone mineral density.
Article in International journal of preventive medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Trial
- Sex- and age-specific patterns in bone, muscle, and fat across adulthood and their relation to osteosarcopenic adiposity phenotype: a cross-sectional study.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Extracellular Water and Phase Angle, Markers of Heightened Inflammatory State, and Their Extrapolative Potential for Body Composition Outcomes in Adults.Metabolites · 2026Article
- GWAS-informed data integration and non-coding CRISPRi screen illuminate genetic etiology of bone mineral density.Genome biology · 2025Article
- An integrated view of the pathophysiological crosstalk between adipose tissue, bone and cardiovascular system in men and women.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Review
- GWAS-Informed data integration and non-coding CRISPRi screen illuminate genetic etiology of bone mineral density.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Individuals with Knee Osteoarthritis and Osteoporosis Represent a Distinctive Subgroup Whose Symptoms Originate from Differences in Subchondral Bone Rather than Cartilage.Calcified tissue international · 2024Article
- Article
- Relative Contribution of Metabolic Syndrome Components in Relation to Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Understanding the Consequences of Fatty Bone and Fatty Muscle: How the Osteosarcopenic Adiposity Phenotype Uncovers the Deterioration of Body Composition.Metabolites · 2023Review
- Anthropometric and DXA-derived measures of body composition in relation to pre-diabetes among adults.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2023Article
- Association between Adiposity and Bone Mineral Density in Adults: Insights from a National Survey Analysis.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Article
- Obesity, Bone Loss, and Periodontitis: The Interlink.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Novel Insight into the Relationship Between Muscle-Fat and Bone in Type 2 Diabetes Ranging from Normal Weight to Obesity.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2022Article
- The inverse relationship between fatness and bone mineral content is mediated by the adolescent appendicular skeletal muscle mass index: The Cogni-Action Project.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Obesity and Bone: A Complex Relationship.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Age, Sex, and Race/Ethnicity Associations between Fat Mass and Lean Mass with Bone Mineral Density: NHANES Data.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Associations between Physical Function, Bone Density, Muscle Mass and Muscle Morphology in Older Men with Sarcopenia: A Pilot Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe aim was to investigate the relationships among lean mass (LM), fat mass (FM), and bone mineral density (BMD) in women stratified by body mass index (BMI) (BMI - normal-weight, overweight, obese) and to determine threshold at which body fat assumes negative relationship with BMD.
methodsThis was a cross-sectional study in 471 healthy Caucasian women, aged 18-67 years. BMD, LM, and FM were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Analysis of variance with Bonferroni corrections was used to test the BMI group differences. Linear regression was used to examine independent contributions of LM and FM on BMD of various skeletal sites (controlling for age and height). In overweight/obese women PROC LOESS plots were used to determine the inflection points at which either LM or FM relationship with BMD changes direction. Separate analyses in pre- and post-menopausal women were conducted as well.
resultsSpine and femoral neck BMD were not different among three BMI groups while total body, femur and radius BMD were statistically different (the highest in the obese group). Linear regression revealed that LM had significant positive association with BMD of various skeletal sites in all groups. FM showed a negative association with BMD of femoral neck and femur in normal-weight and spine in overweight women, but a positive association with radius in obese women. Inflection points showed that body fat between 33% and 38% assumed negative relationship with BMD for most skeletal sites in overweight and obese women.
conclusionsAlthough LM has strong positive relationship with BMD, FM above 33% in overweight/obese women is negatively related to BMD of most skeletal sites. Therefore, overweight/obesity after certain amount of FM, may not be a protective factor against osteoporosis in females. For clinical practice in women, it is important to maintain LM and keep FM accrual below ~30% body fat to maintain good skeletal health.
Indexed as
Identifiers
25538842PMC4274553What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.