ReviewFrontiers in immunology2014
Diverse mechanisms regulate the surface expression of immunotherapeutic target ctla-4.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune dysregulation from a novel CTLA-4 haploinsufficiency variant.Journal of human immunity · 2026Article
- Clathrin mediated endocytosis targeting chimera for targeted membrane proteins degradation and enhance CAR-T cell anti-tumor therapy.Theranostics · 2026Article
- Novel pathogenicFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Post-translational modifications of immune checkpoints: unlocking new potentials in cancer immunotherapy.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Cutaneous Adverse Events: Mechanisms of Occurrence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- An IL-2 mutein increases regulatory T cell suppression of dendritic cells via IL-10 and CTLA-4 to promote T cell anergy.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Strategic advancement of E3 ubiquitin ligase in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Review
- Anti-CTLA-4 nanobody as a promising approach in cancer immunotherapy.Cell death & disease · 2024Review
- Article
- An IL-2 mutein increases IL-10 and CTLA-4-dependent suppression of dendritic cells by regulatory T cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Opaganib (ABC294640) Induces Immunogenic Tumor Cell Death and Enhances Checkpoint Antibody Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Photodynamic therapy changes tumour immunogenicity and promotes immune-checkpoint blockade response, particularly when combined with micromechanical priming.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Current understanding of CTLA-4: from mechanism to autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- PD-1 and CTLA-4 exert additive control of effector regulatory T cells at homeostasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Impact of intratumoural CD96 expression on clinical outcome and therapeutic benefit in gastric cancer.Cancer science · 2022Article
- Article
- Differential regulation of CTLA4 expression through BTK-dependent and independent mechanisms in CLL.Blood advances · 2022Article
- Current Understanding of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen-4 (CTLA-4) Signaling in T-Cell Biology and Disease Therapy.Molecules and cells · 2022Review
- The immune checkpoint B7x expands tumor-infiltrating Tregs and promotes resistance to anti-CTLA-4 therapy.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Co-Inhibitory Molecules - Their Role in Health and Autoimmunity; Highlighted by Immune Related Adverse Events.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
T-cell co-receptor cytotoxic T-cell antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is a critical inhibitory regulator of T-cell immunity and antibody blockade of the co-receptor has been shown to be effective in tumor immunotherapy. Paradoxically, the majority of CTLA-4 is located in intracellular compartments from where it is transported to the cell surface and rapidly internalized. The intracellular trafficking pathways that control transport of the co-receptor to the cell surface ensures the appropriate balance of negative and positive signaling for a productive immune response with minimal autoimmune disorders. It will also influence the degree of inhibition and the potency of antibody checkpoint blockade in cancer immunotherapy. Current evidence indicates that the mechanisms of CTLA-4 transport to the cell surface and its residency are multifactorial involving a combination of immune cell-specific adapters such as TRIM and LAX, the small GTPase Rab8 as well as generic components such as ARF-1, phospholipase D, and the heterotetrameric AP1/2 complex. This review covers the recent developments in our understanding of the processes that control the expression of this important co-inhibitory receptor for the modulation of T-cell immunity. Interference with the processes that regulate CTLA-4 surface expression could provide an alternate therapeutic approach in the treatment of cancer and autoimmunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.