Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25538204›Full record

Observational studyStroke2015

Changes in functional outcome over the first year after stroke: an observational study from the Swedish stroke register.

Teresa Ullberg, Elisabet Zia, Jesper Petersson, Bo Norrving

Open access · bronzeAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Stroke, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
80citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
10.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

80 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 157 citations in OpenAlex.

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  4. Caregiver-mediated exercises for improving outcomes after stroke.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016
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  16. Sex and gender-related differences in neurological diseases: current challenges and recommendations for clinical practice.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026
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20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Teresa UllbergFrom the Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö/Lund, Sweden (T.U., J.P., B.N.); and Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Sweden (T.U., E.Z., J.P., B.N.). Teresa.Ullberg@med.lu.se.
Elisabet ZiaFrom the Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö/Lund, Sweden (T.U., J.P., B.N.); and Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Sweden (T.U., E.Z., J.P., B.N.).
Jesper PeterssonFrom the Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö/Lund, Sweden (T.U., J.P., B.N.); and Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Sweden (T.U., E.Z., J.P., B.N.).
Bo NorrvingFrom the Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö/Lund, Sweden (T.U., J.P., B.N.); and Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Sweden (T.U., E.Z., J.P., B.N.).
Skåne University Hospital · SE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

background and purposeLarge longitudinal studies on stroke outcome are scarce. The aim of this study was to analyze predictors and changes in functional outcome during the first year poststroke.

methodsData on patients who were independent in activities of daily living (ADL) and hospitalized for acute stroke in 2008 to 2010 were obtained from the Swedish Stroke Register. Case fatality was assessed by linkage to the Swedish Population Register. ADL was defined by independence or dependence in dressing, toileting, and indoor mobility and assessed at 3 and 12 months. Predictors of ADL dependency were assessed through multivariate analysis.

resultsIn total, 64 746 patients were included. Case fatality at 3 months was 13.1% (men 11.6% versus women 14.8%; P<0.0001) and at 12 months 18.2% (men 16.4% versus women 20.3%; P<0,0001). In the 35 064 followed-up survivors, ADL dependency rates at 3 and 12 months were 16.2% (men 15.9% versus women 19.2%; P<0.0001) and 28.3% (men 22.7% versus women 34.9%, P<0.0001), respectively. Factors predicting deterioration to ADL dependency between 3 and 12 months were female sex (relative risk [RR]=1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.50-1.70), diabetes mellitus (RR=1.50; 95% CI, 1.05-1.60), comatose at admittance (RR=2.34; 95% CI, 1.79-3.05), previous stroke (RR=1.52; 95% CI, 1.43-1.61), hemorrhagic or unspecified stroke (RR=1.14; 95% CI, 1.05-1.25), and atrial fibrillation (RR= 1.11; 95% CI, 1.04-1.17).

conclusionsTransition from ADL independence to dependence was observed in a high proportion of patients between 3 and 12 months, challenging the common belief that functioning after stroke is stable beyond 3 months. Deterioration occurred more commonly in women, among whom 1/6 converted to dependency.

Indexed as

Recovery of FunctionRegistriesAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedStrokeSwedenTime FactorsTreatment Outcomecase fatalitycohortdisabilityoutcomestroke

Identifiers

PMID25538204
OpenAlexW2110233361

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.