ArticleBMJ open2014
The association between neighbourhood greenspace and type 2 diabetes in a large cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ open, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 50 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomised Trial of the Cost Effectiveness of Screening and Intensive Multi-factorial Intervention for Type 2 Diabetes
A Randomised Controlled Trial to Investigate an Educational Programme and Continuous Monitoring to Prevent Diabetes in Individuals With Screen Detected Pre-diabetes in a Multi-ethnic Population
Walking Away From Type 2 Diabetes: a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial to Investigate the Effect of Structured Education on Walking Activity in Those With a High Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does the biodiversity of urban green spaces impact on human health? A systematic review of literature.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Association of greenspaces exposure with cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2024Pooled it
- Associations of the built environment with type 2 diabetes in Asia: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2023Pooled it
- Green Space Exposure Association with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Physical Activity, and Obesity: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Green spaces and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.The Lancet. Planetary health · 2019Pooled it
- Built environmental characteristics and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Environmental Risk Factors for Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Pooled it
- Within What Distance Does "Greenness" Best Predict Physical Health? A Systematic Review of Articles with GIS Buffer Analyses across the Lifespan.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Pooled it
- Forest terpenes and stress: Examining the associations of filtered vs. non-filtered air in a real-life natural environment.Environmental research · 2025Trial
- Private garden exposure and public park access in relation to type-2 diabetes incidence: a UK Biobank cohort study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Physical Activity for Human and Planetary Health: Incorporating Green Exercise in the Management of Rheumatic Disease.Rheumatic diseases clinics of North America · 2026Review
- Early life stress enhances the association between residential nature exposure and fasting blood glucose.PloS one · 2026Article
- Residential greenness and diabetes incidence in two prospective cohorts of US women.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2025Article
- Associations of street-view greenspace exposure with cardiovascular health (Life's Essential 8) among women in midlife.Biology of sex differences · 2025Article
- Development of Visualization Tools for Sharing Climate Cooling Strategies with Impacted Urban Communities.Atmosphere · 2025Article
- Assessing greenspace and cardiovascular health through deep-learning analysis of street-view imagery in a cohort of US children.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Greenspace Morphology and Preterm Birth: A State-Wide Study in Georgia, United States (2001-2016).Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- Greenness and kidney? A review of epidemiological studies on the association between green space and kidney disease.Kidney research and clinical practice · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate the relationship between neighbourhood greenspace and type 2 diabetes.
designCross-sectional.
setting3 diabetes screening studies conducted in Leicestershire, UK in 2004-2011. The percentage of greenspace in the participant's home neighbourhood (3 km radius around home postcode) was obtained from a Land Cover Map. Demographic and biomedical variables were measured at screening.
participants10,476 individuals (6200 from general population; 4276 from high-risk population) aged 20-75 years (mean 59 years); 47% female; 21% non-white ethnicity.
main outcome measureScreen-detected type 2 diabetes (WHO 2011 criteria).
resultsIncreased neighbourhood greenspace was associated with significantly lower levels of screen-detected type 2 diabetes. The ORs (95% CI) for screen-detected type 2 diabetes were 0.97 (0.80 to 1.17), 0.78 (0.62 to 0.98) and 0.67 (0.49 to 0.93) for increasing quartiles of neighbourhood greenspace compared with the lowest quartile after adjusting for ethnicity, age, sex, area social deprivation score and urban/rural status (Ptrend=0.01). This association remained on further adjustment for body mass index, physical activity, fasting glucose, 2 h glucose and cholesterol (OR (95% CI) for highest vs lowest quartile: 0.53 (0.35 to 0.82); Ptrend=0.01).
conclusionsNeighbourhood greenspace was inversely associated with screen-detected type 2 diabetes, highlighting a potential area for targeted screening as well as a possible public health area for diabetes prevention. However, none of the risk factors that we considered appeared to explain this association, and thus further research is required to elicit underlying mechanisms. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: This study uses data from three studies (NCT00318032, NCT00677937, NCT00941954).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.