Trial reportMedical and veterinary entomology2015
Trends in the selection of insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. mosquitoes in northwest Tanzania during a community randomized trial of longlasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying.
Trial report in Medical and veterinary entomology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Indoor residual spraying for preventing malaria in communities using insecticide-treated nets.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Dynamics and monitoring of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors across mainland Tanzania from 1997 to 2017: a systematic review.Malaria journal · 2019Pooled it
- Inter-cluster contamination: a semivariance analysis of community effect ranges of malaria vector control interventions in a four-armed malaria trial in Muleba, Tanzania.Malaria journal · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets Incorporating Piperonyl Butoxide Reduce the Risk of Malaria in Children in Western Kenya: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2021Trial
- Effectiveness of a long-lasting piperonyl butoxide-treated insecticidal net and indoor residual spray interventions, separately and together, against malaria transmitted by pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes: a cluster, randomised controlled, two-by-two factorial design trial.Lancet (London, England) · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Pyrethroid-resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l (Culicidae) populations from the Sudan Savannah ecoregion in Nigeria is partly mediated by knockdown mutation.BMC research notes · 2026Article
- Mosquito Feeding Preference, Infectivity Rates, and Knockdown Resistance Within the Wild Population ofTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Copy number variants underlie major selective sweeps in insecticide resistance genes in Anopheles arabiensis.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- Copy number variants underlie the major selective sweeps in insecticide resistance genes inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Impact of MiraNet® long-lasting insecticidal net against Anopheles arabiensis wild population of Northern Tanzania.Parasitology research · 2023Article
- Trends of insecticide resistance monitoring in mainland Tanzania, 2004-2020.Malaria journal · 2023Article
- Sibling Species Composition and Susceptibility Status ofJournal of parasitology research · 2023Article
- Implementing OECD GLP principles for the evaluation of novel vector control tools: a case study with two novel LLINs, SafeNetMalaria journal · 2022Article
- Pyrethroid-piperonyl butoxide (PBO) nets reduce the efficacy of indoor residual spraying with pirimiphos-methyl against pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Genetic markers associated with insecticide resistance and resting behaviour in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes in selected sites in Kenya.Malaria journal · 2021Article
- Article
- Article
- The Impact of Insecticide Pre-Exposure on Longevity, Feeding Succession, and Egg Batch Size of WildJournal of tropical medicine · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Anopheles gambiae s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) in Muleba, Tanzania has developed high levels of resistance to most insecticides currently advocated for malaria control. The kdr mutation has almost reached fixation in An. gambiae s.s. in Muleba. This change has the potential to jeopardize malaria control interventions carried out in the region. Trends in insecticide resistance were monitored in two intervention villages using World Health Organization (WHO) susceptibility test kits. Additional mechanisms contributing to observed phenotypic resistance were investigated using Centers for Disease Control (CDC) bottle bioassays with piperonylbutoxide (PBO) and S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) synergists. Resistance genotyping for kdr and Ace-1 alleles was conducted using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In both study villages, high phenotypic resistance to several pyrethroids and DDT was observed, with mortality in the range of 12-23%. There was a sharp decrease in mortality in An. gambiae s.l. exposed to bendiocarb (carbamate) from 84% in November 2011 to 31% in December 2012 after two rounds of bendiocarb-based indoor residual spraying (IRS). Anopheles gambiae s.l. remained susceptible to pirimiphos-methyl (organophosphate). Bendiocarb-based IRS did not lead to the reversion of pyrethroid resistance. There was no evidence for selection for Ace-1 resistance alleles. The need to investigate the operational impact of the observed resistance selection on the effectiveness of longlasting insecticidal nets and IRS for malaria control is urgent.
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