SynthesisCancer causes & control : CCC2015
Smoking-associated risks of conventional adenomas and serrated polyps in the colorectum.
Synthesis in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Modifiable lifestyle and metabolic risk factors for colorectal polyps: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Recommendations for Follow-Up After Colonoscopy and Polypectomy: A Consensus Update by the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer.The American journal of gastroenterology · 2020Guideline
- Influence of Smoking, Body Mass Index, and Other Factors on the Preventive Effect of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Colorectal Cancer Risk.Cancer research · 2018Pooled it
- Trial
- Actual and Perceived Risk of Colorectal Neoplasia in First-Degree Relatives of Patients with Colorectal Cancer.Clinical and translational gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Article
- Prognostic Differences Between Early-Onset and Late-Onset Colorectal Cancer.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Effects of Oral Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Agents on Performance of Multitarget Colorectal Cancer Screening Test.Gastro hep advances · 2025Article
- Genetic Testing of Japanese Patients with Serrated Polyposis Syndrome: A Multicentric Study.Journal of the anus, rectum and colon · 2024Article
- Feasibility and Safety of Endoscopic Control for Patients with Serrated Polyposis Syndrome.Digestive diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Systematic replication of smoking disease associations using survey responses and EHR data in the All of Us Research Program.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2023Article
- Article
- Systemic treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer.World journal of gastroenterology · 2023Review
- Polygenic Risk Scores for Follow Up After Colonoscopy and Polypectomy: Another Tool for Risk Stratification and Planning Surveillance?Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2023Article
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and biomarkers: A new paradigm in colorectal cancer.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Association between sulfur microbial diet and the risk of colorectal cancer precursors in older adults.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Article
- Predictors of Incident Serrated Polyps: Results from a Large Multicenter Clinical Trial.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2022Article
- Patient, Physician, and Procedure Characteristics Are Independently Predictive of Polyp Detection Rates in Clinical Practice.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2021Article
- Emerging trends in colorectal cancer: Dysregulated signaling pathways (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposePrior studies suggest cigarette smoking is associated with 1.5- to twofold increased risk of colorectal adenomas and possibly a higher risk of serrated polyps. Further clarification of risk differences between adenomas and serrated polyps is needed with regard to co-occurrence and polyp location.
methodsWe conducted a combined analysis of conventional adenoma and serrated polyp occurrence using individual-level data from 2,915 patients participating in three colonoscopy-based clinical trials. All participants had ≥1 adenomas removed at baseline and were followed for up to 4 years. Smoking habits and other lifestyle factors were collected at baseline using questionnaires. We used generalized linear regression to estimate risk ratios and 95 % confidence intervals.
resultsSmokers were at slightly increased risk of adenomas compared to never smokers [current: RR 1.29 (95 % CI 1.11-1.49) and former: RR 1.18 (1.05-1.32)]. Smoking was associated with greater risk of serrated polyps [current: RR 2.01 (1.66-2.44); former: RR 1.42 (1.20-1.68)], particularly in the left colorectum. Associations between current smoking and occurrence of serrated polyps only [RR 2.33 (1.76-3.07)] and both adenomas and serrated polyps [RR 2.27 (1.68-3.06)] were more pronounced than for adenomas only [RR 1.31 (1.08-1.58)]. Results were similar for other smoking variables and did not differ by gender or for advanced adenomas.
conclusionsCigarette smoking has only a weak association with adenomas, but is associated with a significantly increased risk of serrated polyps, particularly in the left colorectum. Since a minority of left-sided serrated polyps is thought to have malignant potential, the role of smoking in initiation phases of carcinogenesis is uncertain.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.