ReviewGut microbes2014
Prebiotics in infant formula.
Review in Gut microbes, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06424691 (Infant Restore), which is not on this map. Cited by 49 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Infant Restore: Investigating the Efficacy of a Microbiome Analysis, Education, and Recommendation Program in Improving Infant Gut Health
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effectiveness and safety study of formula containing probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics on fullterm infants' growth - a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled study.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Exploring the Fecal Metabolome in Infants With Cow's Milk Allergy: The Distinct Impacts of Cow's Milk Protein Tolerance Acquisition and of Synbiotic Supplementation.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025Trial
- Safety and Tolerance of a Novel Anti-Regurgitation Formula: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2021Trial
- Analysis of immune, microbiota and metabolome maturation in infants in a clinical trial of Lactobacillus paracasei CBA L74-fermented formula.Nature communications · 2020Trial
- Age-Specific Ex Vivo Modulation of Gut-Brain Axis-Associated Metabolites by Galacto-Oligosaccharides and Nutrient Blends in Early Childhood.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Early-life microbiota disruption-induced deficits in the social brain are sensitive to diet.iScience · 2026Article
- Article
- The effects of formula milk on development, nutrient absorption, and immune characteristics of piglets.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Iron Fortification and Inulin Supplementation in Early Infancy: Evaluating the Impact on Gut Microbiome in a Piglet Model.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- In Vivo Evidence on the Emerging Potential of Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides as Therapeutic Agents in Bacterial and Viral Infections.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Goat Milk-Based Infant Formula and the Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Infants: A Real-World-Evidence Study From Brazil, Mexico, Russia, and the Netherlands.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Classifying compounds as prebiotics - scientific perspectives and recommendations.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Review
- The potential immunomodulatory role of human milk oligosaccharides in prevention of viral infections and development of asthma in early life.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Observational
- Gastrointestinal tolerability of organic infant formula compared to traditional infant formula: A systematic review.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2024Article
- Supplementation of Heat-TreatedJournal of nutrition and metabolism · 2024Article
- Digestive Tolerance and Safety of an Anti-Regurgitation Formula Containing Locust Bean Gum, Prebiotics and Postbiotics: A Real-World Study.Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition · 2023Article
- Dietary Prebiotic Oligosaccharides and Arachidonate Alter the Fecal Microbiota and Mucosal Lipid Composition of Suckling Pigs.The Journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- Anti-cariogenic Properties ofNutrients · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The gastrointestinal microbiota of breast-fed babies differ from classic standard formula fed infants. While mother's milk is rich in prebiotic oligosaccharides and contains small amounts of probiotics, standard infant formula doesn't. Different prebiotic oligosaccharides are added to infant formula: galacto-oligosaccharides, fructo-oligosaccharide, polydextrose, and mixtures of these. There is evidence that addition of prebiotics in infant formula alters the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota resembling that of breastfed infants. They are added to infant formula because of their presence in breast milk. Infants on these supplemented formula have a lower stool pH, a better stool consistency and frequency and a higher concentration of bifidobacteria in their intestine compared to infants on a non-supplemented standard formula. Since most studies suggest a trend for beneficial clinical effects, and since these ingredients are very safe, prebiotics bring infant formula one step closer to breastmilk, the golden standard. However, despite the fact that adverse events are rare, the evidence on prebiotics of a significant health benefit throughout the alteration of the gut microbiota is limited.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.