ArticleMenopause (New York, N.Y.)2015
Exploratory comparison of vaginal glycogen and Lactobacillus levels in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.
Article in Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations between improvement in genitourinary symptoms of menopause and changes in the vaginal ecosystem.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2018Trial
- Vaginal microbiota and genitourinary menopausal symptoms: a cross-sectional analysis.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2017Trial
- The cervicovaginal gut microbiota axis as a key determinant of systemic physiology.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Genitourinary microbiota in older women: a persistent knowledge gap that limits clinical and research progress.Infection and immunity · 2026Review
- Alterations in Vaginal Microbiota Associated with Pregnancy Outcomes in Dairy Cows Revealed by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Vaginal microbiomes and their pertinent social context: a microbial ecological review proffering AMR-STI acquisition and emergence.Biology of sex differences · 2026Review
- Raman spectroscopy for nondestructive detection of vaginal tissue alterations in the fibulin-5 murine model of pelvic organ prolapse.Biophotonics discovery · 2026Article
- Article
- The vital role of Lactobacillus sp. in vaginal health: Implications for enhanced prophylactic research.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- The hormone-microbiota-NET framework in gynecologic diseases: evidence, controversies, and translational opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Microbiota insights in endometriosis.Microbiome · 2025Review
- Exploring the vaginal ecosystem: insights into host-microbe interactions and microbial community dynamics.Infection and immunity · 2025Review
- Drug and therapeutic intravaginal delivery targeting diseases in the female reproductive tract: A mathematical modeling perspective.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2025Review
- Dual probiotic and antibiotic therapy targeting bacterial vaginosis: an integrated experimental/computational modeling perspective.Biomedical engineering advances · 2025Article
- Population-level analyses identify host and environmental variables influencing the vaginal microbiome.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
- Computational microbiome pharmacology analysis elucidates the anti-cancer potential of vaginal microbes and metabolites.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic potential of the microbiome in premature ovarian insufficiency.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus species: considerations for female reproduction and offspring health.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2024Review
- The In Vivo Effect of Water-Based Lubricants on the Vaginal Microbiome of Women from Varying Age Groups: Exploratory Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Biological Barriers for Drug Delivery and Development of Innovative Therapeutic Approaches in HIV, Pancreatic Cancer, and Hemophilia A/B.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivePrevious studies have suggested that glycogen expression in the vaginal epithelium decreases during menopause, resulting in reduced levels of lactobacilli. However, free glycogen in genital fluids and its relationship with Lactobacillus levels have not been compared in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.
methodsEighty-two cervicovaginal lavage samples were collected at different phases of the menstrual cycle from 11 premenopausal (4 HIV-uninfected and 7 HIV-infected) and 12 postmenopausal (7 HIV-uninfected and 5 HIV-infected) women during a 1- to 3-month period. Free glycogen was quantified in genital fluids. Lactobacillus levels were quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Estrogen and progesterone levels in blood were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
resultsFree glycogen was detected in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Across all samples, those from postmenopausal women had significantly lower levels of free glycogen than those from premenopausal women (median, 0.002 vs 0.065 μg/μL, respectively; P = 0.03). Lactobacillus levels correlated positively with free glycogen in both premenopausal (Spearman r = 0.68, P < 0.0001) and postmenopausal (r = 0.60, P < 0.002) women. Samples from premenopausal women had higher Lactobacillus levels and lower vaginal pH (median log, 8.1; median pH, 4) than those from postmenopausal women (median log, 7.1; median pH, 4.6), although these differences were not significant. HIV status had no significant effect on these relationships.
conclusionsFree glycogen is detected in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women and correlates with Lactobacillus in both groups. These results point to the complexity of the relationship between menopause and vaginal microbiota and indicate that more careful studies of the role of glycogen are warranted.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.