ArticlePloS one2014
Argon inhalation attenuates retinal apoptosis after ischemia/reperfusion injury in a time- and dose-dependent manner in rats.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Detorsion is not innocent: pirfenidone prevents contralateral ovarian damage following ovarian torsion.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Noble gases xenon and argon: from cellular signalling mechanisms to organoprotection and clinical applications.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Effects of Argon Inhalation on Lung Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in CLAWN Miniature Swine.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- CardioPulmonary resuscitation withResuscitation plus · 2025Article
- Developments in the Study of Inert Gas Biological Effects and the Underlying Molecular Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Positive Effects of Argon Inhalation After Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Positive Neuroprotective Effect of Argon Inhalation after Photochemically Induced Ischemic Stroke Model in Rats.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2023Article
- Review
- Argon preconditioning protects neuronal cells with a Toll-like receptor-mediated effect.Neural regeneration research · 2023Article
- Noble gas and neuroprotection: From bench to bedside.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Argon Inhalation for 24 h After Closed-Head Injury Does not Improve Recovery, Neuroinflammation, or Neurologic Outcome in Mice.Neurocritical care · 2021Article
- Argon reduces microglial activation and inflammatory cytokine expression in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.Neural regeneration research · 2021Article
- Inhaled Argon Impedes Hepatic Regeneration after Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Argon attenuates multiorgan failure following experimental aortic cross-clamping.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2018Article
- Minocycline modulates microglia polarization in ischemia-reperfusion model of retinal degeneration and induces neuroprotection.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Curcumin-carrying nanoparticles prevent ischemia-reperfusion injury in human renal cells.Oncotarget · 2016Article
- Wogonin prevents TLR4-NF-κB-medicated neuro-inflammation and improves retinal ganglion cells survival in retina after optic nerve crush.Oncotarget · 2016Article
- The Molecular Pathway of Argon-Mediated Neuroprotection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2016Review
- Carbon monoxide treatment reduces microglial activation in the ischemic rat retina.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2016Article
- Argon Induces Protective Effects in Cardiomyocytes during the Second Window of Preconditioning.International journal of molecular sciences · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeRetinal ischemia and reperfusion injuries (IRI) permanently affect neuronal tissue and function by apoptosis and inflammation due to the limited regenerative potential of neurons. Recently, evidence emerged that the noble gas Argon exerts protective properties, while lacking any detrimental or adverse effects. We hypothesized that Argon inhalation after IRI would exert antiapoptotic effects in the retina, thereby protecting retinal ganglion cells (RGC) of the rat's eye.
methodsIRI was performed on the left eyes of rats (n = 8) with or without inhaled Argon postconditioning (25, 50 and 75 Vol%) for 1 hour immediately or delayed after ischemia (i.e. 1.5 and 3 hours). Retinal tissue was harvested after 24 hours to analyze mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2, Bax and Caspase-3, NF-κB. Densities of fluorogold-prelabeled RGCs were analyzed 7 days after injury in whole-mounts. Histological tissue samples were prepared for immunohistochemistry and blood was analyzed regarding systemic effects of Argon or IRI. Statistics were performed using One-Way ANOVA.
resultsIRI induced RGC loss was reduced by Argon 75 Vol% inhalation and was dose-dependently attenuated by lower concentrations, or by delayed Argon inhalation (1504±300 vs. 2761±257; p<0.001). Moreover, Argon inhibited Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA expression significantly (Bax: 1.64±0.30 vs. 0.78±0.29 and Bcl-2: 2.07±0.29 vs. 0.99±0.22; both p<0.01), as well as caspase-3 cleavage (1.91±0.46 vs. 1.05±0.36; p<0.001). Expression of NF-κB was attenuated significantly. Immunohistochemistry revealed an affection of Müller cells and astrocytes. In addition, IRI induced leukocytosis was reduced significantly after Argon inhalation at 75 Vol%.
conclusionImmediate and delayed Argon postconditioning protects IRI induced apoptotic loss of RGC in a time- and dose-dependent manner, possibly mediated by the inhibition of NF-κB. Further studies need to evaluate Argon's possible role as a therapeutic option.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.