ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2015
Autophagic flux without a block differentiates varicella-zoster virus infection from herpes simplex virus infection.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Divergent Strategies in Innate Immune Evasion: A Comparative Review of Three Alphaherpesvirus Subfamily Members-PRV, HSV-1, and VZV.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Review
- Biological relevance ofMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Polyclonal LC3B Antibodies Generate Non-Specific Staining in the Nucleus of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Cells: Caution in the Interpretation of LC3 Staining in the Immunofluorescence Analysis of Viral Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Review
- Recent Issues in Varicella-Zoster Virus Latency.Viruses · 2021Review
- Review
- Mechanisms and therapeutic potential of interactions between human amyloids and viruses.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2021Review
- Review
- Exocytosis of Progeny Infectious Varicella-Zoster Virus Particles via a Mannose-6-Phosphate Receptor Pathway without Xenophagy following Secondary Envelopment.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- The interferon-inducible protein TDRD7 inhibits AMP-activated protein kinase and thereby restricts autophagy-independent virus replication.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2020Article
- Downregulation of microRNA-30a-5p contributes to the replication of duck enteritis virus by regulating Beclin-1-mediated autophagy.Virology journal · 2019Article
- Progeny Varicella-Zoster Virus Capsids Exit the Nucleus but Never Undergo Secondary Envelopment during Autophagic Flux Inhibition by Bafilomycin A1.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Could autophagy dysregulation link neurotropic viruses to Alzheimer's disease?Neural regeneration research · 2019Review
- Interactions between Autophagy and DNA Viruses.Viruses · 2019Review
- Remodeling of host membranes during herpesvirus assembly and egress.Protein & cell · 2019Review
- Programmed cell death: the battlefield between the host and alpha-herpesviruses and a potential avenue for cancer treatment.Oncotarget · 2018Review
- Bacteria induce autophagy in a human ocular surface cell line.Experimental eye research · 2018Article
- Identification of Herpes Zoster-Associated Temporal Arteritis Among Cases of Giant Cell Arteritis.American journal of ophthalmology · 2018Article
- Autophagy Quantification and STAT3 Expression in a Human Skin Organ Culture Model for Innate Immunity to Herpes Zoster.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Autophagy is a process by which misfolded and damaged proteins are sequestered into autophagosomes, before degradation in and recycling from lysosomes. We have extensively studied the role of autophagy in varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection, and have observed that vesicular cells are filled with >100 autophagosomes that are easily detectable after immunolabeling for the LC3 protein. To confirm our hypothesis that increased autophagosome formation was not secondary to a block, we examined all conditions of VZV infection as well as carrying out two assessments of autophagic flux. We first investigated autophagy in human skin xenografts in the severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse model of VZV pathogenesis, and observed that autophagosomes were abundant in infected human skin tissues. We next investigated autophagy following infection with sonically prepared cell-free virus in cultured cells. Under these conditions, autophagy was detected in a majority of infected cells, but was much less than that seen after an infected-cell inoculum. In other words, inoculation with lower-titered cell-free virus did not reflect the level of stress to the VZV-infected cell that was seen after inoculation of human skin in the SCID mouse model or monolayers with higher-titered infected cells. Finally, we investigated VZV-induced autophagic flux by two different methods (radiolabeling proteins and a dual-colored LC3 plasmid); both showed no evidence of a block in autophagy. Overall, therefore, autophagy within a VZV-infected cell was remarkably different from autophagy within an HSV-infected cell, whose genome contains two modifiers of autophagy, ICP34.5 and US11, not present in VZV.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.