Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25535353›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2015

Patterns of genome evolution that have accompanied host adaptation in Salmonella.

Gemma C Langridge, Maria Fookes, Thomas R Connor, Theresa Feltwell, Nicholas Feasey, Bryony N Parsons, Helena M B Seth-Smith, Lars Barquist, Anna Stedman, Tom Humphrey and 9 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 156 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
156citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

156 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Host adaptation inApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. The SPI-20 and SPI-21 T6SS gene clusters fromFrontiers in microbiology · 2026
    Article
  9. Comparative genomic and ecological insights intoFrontiers in microbiology · 2026
    Article
  10. Comparative genomics ofVirulence · 2025
    Article
  11. Deciphering theJournal of bacteriology · 2025
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Molecular epidemiology ofAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Uncovering newMicrobiology spectrum · 2024
    Article
  20. Article

96 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Gemma C LangridgePathogen Genomics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom; gb4@sanger.ac.uk.
Maria FookesPathogen Genomics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom;
Thomas R ConnorPathogen Genomics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom;
Theresa FeltwellPathogen Genomics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom;
Nicholas FeaseyPathogen Genomics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom;
Bryony N ParsonsInstitute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, United Kingdom; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, United Kingdom;
Helena M B Seth-SmithPathogen Genomics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom;
Lars BarquistPathogen Genomics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom;
Anna StedmanPathogen Genomics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom;
Tom HumphreyCollege of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom;
Paul WigleyInstitute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, United Kingdom; School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GB, United Kingdom;
Sarah E PetersDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom;
Duncan J MaskellDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom;
Jukka CoranderDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;
Jose A ChabalgoityDepartamento de Desarrollo Biotecnológico, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, CP 11600, Uruguay; and.
Paul BarrowSchool of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
Julian ParkhillPathogen Genomics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom;
Gordon DouganPathogen Genomics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom;
Nicholas R ThomsonPathogen Genomics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom;

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/D007542/1Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/F007973/1Wellcome Trust 098051Wellcome Trust 100890
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Many bacterial pathogens are specialized, infecting one or few hosts, and this is often associated with more acute disease presentation. Specific genomes show markers of this specialization, which often reflect a balance between gene acquisition and functional gene loss. Within Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica, a single lineage exists that includes human and animal pathogens adapted to cause infection in different hosts, including S. enterica serovar Enteritidis (multiple hosts), S. Gallinarum (birds), and S. Dublin (cattle). This provides an excellent evolutionary context in which differences between these pathogen genomes can be related to host range. Genome sequences were obtained from ∼ 60 isolates selected to represent the known diversity of this lineage. Examination and comparison of the clades within the phylogeny of this lineage revealed signs of host restriction as well as evolutionary events that mark a path to host generalism. We have identified the nature and order of events for both evolutionary trajectories. The impact of functional gene loss was predicted based upon position within metabolic pathways and confirmed with phenotyping assays. The structure of S. Enteritidis is more complex than previously known, as a second clade of S. Enteritidis was revealed that is distinct from those commonly seen to cause disease in humans or animals, and that is more closely related to S. Gallinarum. Isolates from this second clade were tested in a chick model of infection and exhibited a reduced colonization phenotype, which we postulate represents an intermediate stage in pathogen-host adaptation.

Indexed as

Adaptation, PhysiologicalEvolution, MolecularGenome, BacterialChromosomes, BacterialPseudogenesSalmonellahost adaptationmetabolismpseudogeneSalmonella

Identifiers

PMID25535353
PMCPMC4311825

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.