SynthesisBMJ open2014
Tobacco smoking and risk of endometriosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- From Environmental to Possible Occupational Exposure to Risk Factors: What Role Do They Play in the Etiology of Endometriosis?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Environmental Risk Factors for Endometriosis: An Umbrella Review of a Meta-Analysis of 354 Observational Studies With Over 5 Million Populations.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Review
- Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Endometriosis by Questionnaires in Patients Using Contraception.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- A computational framework for defining and validating reproducible phenotyping algorithms of 313 diseases in the UK Biobank.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Understanding the Role of Social Negativity in Perceived Life Course Impact and Mental Health Among Women with Endometriosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Aspirin does not modify cardiovascular event risk in endometriosis in the California Teachers Study.European heart journal open · 2025Article
- The health-promoting lifestyle and its relationship with the impacts of endometriosis on women's lives in Iran, 2022: a cross-sectional study.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Association between the composite dietary antioxidant index and risk of endometriosis in women: a national population-based study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Life behaviors, educational attainment, and risk for endometriosis: a Mendelian randomization study.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2025Article
- Smoking and endometriosis: A narrative review.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Review
- Exploring the link between serum uric acid and endometriosis: a cross-sectional analysis utilizing NHANES data from 1999-2006.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Plasma Estrogen Levels and Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Women.World neurosurgery · 2024Article
- Cardio-Metabolic Risk Profile of Women With Endometriosis: A Population-Based Study.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2024Article
- Elevated basophil count is associated with increased risk of endometriosis.Reproduction & fertility · 2024Article
- Pathogenesis of Endometriosis and Endometriosis-Associated Cancers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Associations between endometriosis and adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes: a population-based cohort study.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Article
- Association Between the Oxidative Balance Score and Endometriosis: A Population-Based Study.International journal of women's health · 2024Article
- Are Adenomyosis and Endometriosis Phenotypes of the Same Disease Process?Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveSince conflicting results have been published on the role of tobacco smoking on the risk of endometriosis, we provide an up-to-date summary quantification of this potential association.
designWe performed a PubMed/MEDLINE search of the relevant publications up to September 2014, considering studies on humans published in English. We searched the reference list of the identified papers to find other relevant publications. Case-control as well as cohort studies have been included reporting risk estimates on the association between tobacco smoking and endometriosis. 38 of the 1758 screened papers met the inclusion criteria. The selected studies included a total of 13,129 women diagnosed with endometriosis.
settingAcademic hospitals.
main outcome measureRisk of endometriosis in tobacco smokers.
resultsWe obtained the summary estimates of the relative risk (RR) using the random effect model, and assessed the heterogeneity among studies using the χ(2) test and quantified it using the I(2) statistic. As compared to never-smokers, the summary RR were 0.96 (95% CI 0.86 to 1.08) for ever smokers, 0.95 (95% CI 0.81 to 1.11) for former smokers, 0.92 (95% CI 0.82 to 1.04) for current smokers, 0.87 (95% CI 0.70 to 1.07) for moderate smokers and 0.93 (95% CI 0.69 to 1.26) for heavy smokers.
conclusionsThe present meta-analysis provided no evidence for an association between tobacco smoking and the risk of endometriosis. The results were consistent considering ever, former, current, moderate and heavy smokers, and across type of endometriosis and study design.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.