Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25533299›Full record

SynthesisMultiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)2015

A systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of autoimmune disease in multiple sclerosis.

Ruth Ann Marrie, Nadia Reider, Jeffrey Cohen, Olaf Stuve, Per S Sorensen, Gary Cutter, Stephen C Reingold, Maria Trojano

Open access · hybridAbstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
85citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
6.1field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

85 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 192 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Rituximab for people with multiple sclerosis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025
    Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
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  9. Trial
  10. Trial
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Comorbidity and modifiable risk factors in multiple sclerosis.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review of Promising Off-Label Use of Deucravacitinib.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.

Ruth Ann MarrieDepartments of Internal Medicine and Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada rmarrie@hsc.mb.ca.
Nadia ReiderDepartments of Internal Medicine and Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada.
Jeffrey CohenMellen Center for MS Treatment and Research, Cleveland Clinic, USA.
Olaf StuveDepartment of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern, USA.
Per S SorensenDepartment of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark.
Gary CutterDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
Stephen C ReingoldScientific and Clinical Review Associates, LLC, USA.
Maria TrojanoDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy.
University of Manitoba · CACleveland Clinic · USRigshospitalet · DKThe University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center · USUniversity of Alabama at Birmingham · USUniversity of Bari Aldo Moro · IT

Funding

Canadian Institutes of Health Research
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAs new therapies emerge which increase the risk of autoimmune disease it is increasingly important to understand the incidence of autoimmune disease in multiple sclerosis (MS).

objectiveThe purpose of this review is to estimate the incidence and prevalence of comorbid autoimmune disease in MS.

methodsThe PUBMED, EMBASE, SCOPUS and Web of Knowledge databases, conference proceedings, and reference lists of retrieved articles were searched, and abstracts were independently screened by two reviewers. The data were abstracted by one reviewer using a standardized data collection form, and the findings were verified by a second reviewer. We assessed quality of the included studies using a standardized approach and conducted meta-analyses of population-based studies.

resultsSixty-one articles met the inclusion criteria. We observed substantial heterogeneity with respect to the populations studied, methods of ascertaining comorbidity, and reporting of findings. Based solely on population-based studies, the most prevalent autoimmune comorbidities were psoriasis (7.74%) and thyroid disease (6.44%). Our findings also suggest an increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease, likely uveitis and possibly pemphigoid.

conclusionFewer than half of the studies identified were of high quality. Population-based studies that report age, sex and ethnicity-specific estimates of incidence and prevalence are needed in jurisdictions worldwide.

Indexed as

Autoimmune DiseasesComorbidityHumansIncidenceMultiple SclerosisPrevalenceautoimmune diseasecomorbidityincidenceMultiple sclerosisprevalence

Identifiers

PMID25533299
PMCPMC4429166
OpenAlexW2169229493

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.