Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25530960›Full record

ReviewBioMed research international2014

Pathophysiology of spasticity: implications for neurorehabilitation.

Carlo Trompetto, Lucio Marinelli, Laura Mori, Elisa Pelosin, Antonio Currà, Luigi Molfetta, Giovanni Abbruzzese

4 registry-linked trialsOpen access · hybridAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in BioMed research international, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 168 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
168citing papers in PubMed, 11 pooled it
7.7field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04824768 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Immediate Effects of Tecar Therapy on Spasticity and Functionality of the Lower Limb in Chronic Post-stroke Survivors.

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversitat Internacional de CatalunyaRan2021 to 2022Enrolled36ConditionsStroke Sequelae, Massage, Spasticity, Muscle, ElectrotherapyArmsTecar Therapy, Sham Tecar Therapy
NCT06138418 naterminatednot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Spasticity Multidisciplinary Management : QoL and Physical Activity Measurement With Connected Health Devices (PEPS)

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity Hospital, AngersRan2024 to 2025Enrolled2ConditionsSpastic FootArmsNeurotomy
NCT06898242 naactive not recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Early Myofascial Manual Treatment in Subjects With Spasticity Following Acquired Brain Injury

TypeinterventionalSponsorFondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCSRan2025 to 2026Enrolled24ConditionsBrain Injury, Brain Injury, Vascular, Brain Injuries, TraumaticArmsManual myofascial treatment direct to upper and lower limb, Rehabilitative treatment following rehabilitation project
NCT07156760 completednot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Morphological Characteristics of Spastic Musculature in the Upper and Lower Extremities Using Ultrasound Examination in Subjects After Stroke

Typeobservational_patient_registrySponsorUniversidad de La FronteraRan2025 to 2025Enrolled80ConditionsStrokeArmsUltrasound diagnostics
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

168 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 359 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. Non-pharmacological treatment of hereditary spastic paraplegia: a systematic review.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024
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  12. Trial
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  17. Comparison of Single-Session Dose Response Effects of Whole Body Vibration on Spasticity and Walking Speed in Persons with Spinal Cord Injury.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2018
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108 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Carlo TrompettoDepartment of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Largo Daneo 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3419-0669
Lucio MarinelliDepartment of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Largo Daneo 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0620-7654
Laura MoriDepartment of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Largo Daneo 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
Elisa PelosinDepartment of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Largo Daneo 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9880-2241
Antonio CurràDepartment of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Via Firenze, 04019 Terracina, Italy.
Luigi MolfettaDepartment of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Largo Daneo 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
Giovanni AbbruzzeseDepartment of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Largo Daneo 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
University of Genoa · ITSapienza University of Rome · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Spasticity is the velocity-dependent increase in muscle tone due to the exaggeration of stretch reflex. It is only one of the several components of the upper motor neuron syndrome (UMNS). The central lesion causing the UMNS disrupts the balance of supraspinal inhibitory and excitatory inputs directed to the spinal cord, leading to a state of disinhibition of the stretch reflex. However, the delay between the acute neurological insult (trauma or stroke) and the appearance of spasticity argues against it simply being a release phenomenon and suggests some sort of plastic changes, occurring in the spinal cord and also in the brain. An important plastic change in the spinal cord could be the progressive reduction of postactivation depression due to limb immobilization. As well as hyperexcitable stretch reflexes, secondary soft tissue changes in the paretic limbs enhance muscle resistance to passive displacements. Therefore, in patients with UMNS, hypertonia can be divided into two components: hypertonia mediated by the stretch reflex, which corresponds to spasticity, and hypertonia due to soft tissue changes, which is often referred as nonreflex hypertonia or intrinsic hypertonia. Compelling evidences state that limb mobilisation in patients with UMNS is essential to prevent and treat both spasticity and intrinsic hypertonia.

Indexed as

HumansMotor Neuron DiseaseMotor NeuronsMuscle HypertoniaMuscle SpasticitySpinal CordStrokeStroke Rehabilitation

Identifiers

PMID25530960
PMCPMC4229996
OpenAlexW2060606171

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.