ArticleThe Journal of infection2015
Genotype shift in human coronavirus OC43 and emergence of a novel genotype by natural recombination.
Article in The Journal of infection, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular Surveillance of Coronaviruses in Riyadh (2025-2026): Persistent Genotype C and Conserved N-Glycosylation Motifs in Human Coronavirus OC43.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Pandemic-driven immune imprinting accelerates evolution of human coronavirus OC43.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal dynamics and phylogeography of HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-OC43 in Thailand, 2024-2025.PloS one · 2026Article
- Prevalence, clinical characteristics and pattern of distribution of seasonal corona virus associated acute respiratory tract infections among adults and children in the Central Province of Sri Lanka from January 2020 to October 2022.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Neutral Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Coinfection on the Recombination-Driven Evolution of Endemic HCoV-OC43.Viruses · 2025Article
- Patterns of Recombination in Coronaviruses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Genetic characterization of coronaviruses causing common cold symptoms based on micro-targeted capture sequencing.Archives of virology · 2025Article
- Zanamivir and baloxavir combination to cure persistent influenza and coronavirus infections after hematopoietic stem cell transplant.International journal of antimicrobial agents · 2024Article
- Canine respiratory coronavirus in Thailand undergoes mutation and evidences a potential putative parent for genetic recombination.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Review
- Prevalence of Human Coronaviruses in Children and Phylogenetic Analysis of HCoV-OC43 during 2016-2022 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Viruses · 2022Article
- A 21L/BA.2-21K/BA.1 "MixOmicron" SARS-CoV-2 hybrid undetected by qPCR that screen for variant in routine diagnosis.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Article
- Functional mutations of SARS-CoV-2: implications to viral transmission, pathogenicity and immune escape.Chinese medical journal · 2022Article
- Ecology, evolution and spillover of coronaviruses from bats.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2022Review
- Molecular evolution of human coronavirus-NL63, -229E, -HKU1 and -OC43 in hospitalized children in China.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- A comparative recombination analysis of human coronaviruses and implications for the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Article
- Evidence for adaptive evolution in the receptor-binding domain of seasonal coronaviruses OC43 and 229e.eLife · 2021Article
- The taxonomy, host range and pathogenicity of coronaviruses and other viruses in theAnimal diseases · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHuman coronavirus (HCoV) OC43 is the most prevalent HCoV in respiratory tract infections. Its molecular epidemiological characterization, particularly the genotyping, was poorly addressed.
methodsThe full-length spike (S), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and nucleocapsid (N) genes were amplified from each respiratory sample collected from 65 HCoV-OC43-positive patients between 2005 and 2012. Genotypes were determined by phylogenetic analysis. Recombination was analyzed based on full-length viral genome sequences. Clinical manifestations of each HCoV genotype infection were compared by reviewing clinical records.
resultsSixty of these 65 samples belong to genotypes B, C and D. The remaining five strains had incongruent positions in the phylogenetic trees of the S, RdRp and N genes, suggesting a novel genotype emerging, designated as genotype E. Whole genome sequencing and bootscan analysis indicated that genotype E is generated by recombination between genotypes B, C and D. Temporal analysis revealed a sequential genotype replacement of C, B, D and E over the study period with genotype D being the dominant genotype since 2007. The novel genotype E was only detected in children younger than three years suffering from lower respiratory tract infections.
conclusionsOur results suggest that HCoV-OC43 genotypes are evolving. Such genotype shift may be an adapting mechanism for HCoV-OC43 maintaining its epidemic.
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