ArticleEpidemiology and infection2015
Separate norovirus outbreaks linked to one source of imported frozen raspberries by molecular analysis, Denmark, 2010-2011.
Article in Epidemiology and infection, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Traceback and Testing of Food Epidemiologically Linked to a Norovirus Outbreak at a Wedding Reception.Journal of food protection · 2025Article
- Microbiological hazards associated with the use of water in the post-harvest handling and processing operations of fresh and frozen fruits, vegetables and herbs (ffFVHs). Part 1 (outbreak data analysis, literature review and stakeholder questionnaire).EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2023Article
- Detection and Sequencing of Multiple Human Norovirus Genotypes from Imported Frozen Raspberries Linked to Outbreaks in the Province of Quebec, Canada, in 2017.Food and environmental virology · 2022Article
- Persistence of Hepatitis A Virus RNA in Water, on Non-porous Surfaces, and on Blueberries.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Inactivation of hepatitis A virus and murine norovirus on surfaces of plastic, steel and raspberries using steam-ultrasound treatment.Food and environmental virology · 2020Article
- Detection of norovirus infections in Denmark, 2011-2018.Epidemiology and infection · 2020Article
- Foodborne viruses: Detection, risk assessment, and control options in food processing.International journal of food microbiology · 2018Review
- Foodborne pathogens.AIMS microbiology · 2017Review
- Molecular Evidence of Oysters as Vehicle of Norovirus GII.P17-GII.17.Emerging infectious diseases · 2016Article
- Series of Norovirus Outbreaks Caused by Consumption of Green Coral Lettuce, Denmark, April 2016.PLoS currents · 2016Article
- Outbreak of Salmonella Strathcona caused by datterino tomatoes, Denmark, 2011.Epidemiology and infection · 2016Article
- Vomiting as a Symptom and Transmission Risk in Norovirus Illness: Evidence from Human Challenge Studies.PloS one · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Norovirus outbreaks occur frequently in Denmark and it can be difficult to establish whether apparently independent outbreaks have the same origin. Here we report on six outbreaks linked to frozen raspberries, investigated separately over a period of 3 months. Norovirus from stools were sequence-typed; including extended sequencing of 1138 bp encompassing the hypervariable P2 region of the capsid gene. Norovirus was detected in 27 stool samples. Genotyping showed genotype GI.Pb_GI.6 (polymerase/capsid) with 100% identical sequences. Samples from five outbreaks were furthermore identical over the variable capsid P2 region. In one outbreak at a hospital canteen, frozen raspberries was associated with illness by cohort investigation (relative risk 6·1, 95% confidence interval 3·2-11). Bags of raspberries suspected to be the source were positive for genogroup I and II noroviruses, one typable virus was genotype GI.6 (capsid). These molecular investigations showed that the apparently independent outbreaks were the result of one contamination event of frozen raspberries. The contaminated raspberries originated from a single producer in Serbia and were originally not considered to belong to the same batch. The outbreaks led to consultations and mutual visits between producers, investigators and authorities. Further, Danish legislation was changed to make heat-treatment of frozen raspberries compulsory in professional catering establishments.
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