ArticleInternational journal of cancer2015
Multicenter analysis of soluble Axl reveals diagnostic value for very early stage hepatocellular carcinoma.
Article in International journal of cancer, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Abdominal ultrasound and alpha-foetoprotein for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in adults with chronic liver disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- RTK AXL and its Isoforms: Regulation and Implications in Cancer.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Inhibition of the Caveolin-1 pathway promotes apoptosis and overcomes pan-tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Proteolysis of TAM receptors in autoimmune diseases and cancer: what does it say to us?Cell death & disease · 2025Review
- The Combined Use of Dickkopf-1 and Soluble Axl Improves Hepatocellular Carcinoma Diagnostic Efficacy in Hepatitis C Patients.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2024Article
- GAS6/TAM Axis as Therapeutic Target in Liver Diseases.Seminars in liver disease · 2024Article
- From MASH to HCC: the role of Gas6/TAM receptors.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Article
- Gas6 in chronic liver disease-a novel blood-based biomarker for liver fibrosis.Cell death discovery · 2023Article
- AXL in cancer: a modulator of drug resistance and therapeutic target.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2023Review
- Updating the Clinical Application of Blood Biomarkers and Their Algorithms in the Diagnosis and Surveillance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Critical Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Altered expression of AXL receptor tyrosine kinase in gastrointestinal cancers: a promising therapeutic target.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Bioluminescent RAPPID Sensors for the Single-Step Detection of Soluble Axl and Multiplex Analysis of Cell Surface Cancer Biomarkers.Analytical chemistry · 2022Article
- Review
- Soluble Axl Is a Novel Diagnostic Biomarker of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chinese Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection.Cancer research and treatment · 2020Article
- Article
- Article
- New Blood Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of AFP-Negative Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Review
- Axl and autophagy LC3 expression in tumors is strongly associated with clinical prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients after curative resection.Cancer medicine · 2019Article
- Targeting of the AXL receptor tyrosine kinase by small molecule inhibitor leads to AXL cell surface accumulation by impairing the ubiquitin-dependent receptor degradation.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 8 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
If diagnosed at early stages, patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can receive curative therapies, whereas therapeutic options at later stages are very limited. Here, we addressed the potential of soluble Axl (sAxl) as a biomarker of early HCC by analyzing levels of sAxl in 311 HCC and 237 control serum samples from centers in Europe and China. Serum concentrations of sAxl were significantly increased in HCC (18.575 ng/mL) as compared to healthy (13.388 ng/mL) or cirrhotic (12.169 ng/mL) controls. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of sAxl in very early stage HCC patients (BCLC 0) showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.848, with a sensitivity of 76.9% and a specificity of 69.2%. α-Fetoprotein (AFP)-negative HCC patients displayed an AUC of 0.803, with sensitivity and specificity of 73% and 70.8%. Combination of sAxl and AFP improved diagnostic accuracy to 0.936 in very early HCC patients and to 0.937 in all HCC. Differential diagnosis of very early HCC versus liver cirrhosis showed a combined performance for sAxl and AFP of 0.901 with a sensitivity of 88.5% and a specificity of 76.7%. Furthermore, sAxl levels failed to be elevated in primary ovarian, colorectal and breast carcinomas as well as in secondary hepatic malignancies derived from colon. In summary, sAxl outperforms AFP in detecting very early HCC as compared to healthy or cirrhotic controls and shows high diagnostic accuracy for AFP-negative patients. sAxl is specific for HCC and suggested as a biomarker for routine clinical use.
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