ArticleVaccine2015
Factors associated with tuberculosis infection, and with anti-mycobacterial immune responses, among five year olds BCG-immunised at birth in Entebbe, Uganda.
Article in Vaccine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04383925 (Randomized Trial Evaluating the Non-specific Effects of Different BCG Strains in Guinea-Bissau), which is not on this map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Randomized Trial Evaluating the Non-specific Effects of Different BCG Strains in Guinea-Bissau: Effects on Early-life Mortality and Morbidity
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cohort profile: the Entebbe Mother and Baby Study (EMaBS).BMJ open · 2026Trial
- A CD4+ TNF+ monofunctional memory T-cell response to BCG vaccination is associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in infants exposed to HIV.EBioMedicine · 2022Trial
- A qualitative exploration of challenges in childhood TB patients identification and diagnosis in Bangladesh.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Review of Pediatric Tuberculosis in the Aftermath of COVID-19.Clinics and practice · 2022Review
- Artificial neural network to predict the effect of obesity on the risk of tuberculosis infection.Journal of public health research · 2021Article
- Obesity and Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis: A Population-Based Survey.Infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Article
- Impact of Helminth Infections during Pregnancy on Vaccine Immunogenicity in Gabonese Infants.Vaccines · 2020Article
- Risk Factors for Infectious Diseases in Urban Environments of Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal of Evidence.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2019Review
- Paediatric tuberculosis transmission outside the household: challenging historical paradigms to inform future public health strategies.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2019Article
- Factors That Influence the Immune Response to Vaccination.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2019Review
- Tuberculosis susceptibility and protection in children.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2019Review
- HIV, HCMV and mycobacterial antibody levels: a cross-sectional study in a rural Ugandan cohort.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2019Article
- Submicroscopic Plasmodium infection during pregnancy is associated with reduced antibody levels to tetanus toxoid.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2019Article
- Elevated IgG Responses in Infants Are Associated With Reduced Prevalence ofFrontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Characterising antibody avidity in individuals of varied Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection status using surface plasmon resonance.PloS one · 2018Article
- Humoral Responses to Rv1733c, Rv0081, Rv1735c, and Rv1737c DosR Regulon-Encoded Proteins ofJournal of immunology research · 2017Article
- Probiotics, antibiotics and the immune responses to vaccines.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBCG is used widely as the sole licensed vaccine against tuberculosis, but it has variable efficacy and the reasons for this are still unclear. No reliable biomarkers to predict future protection against, or acquisition of, TB infection following immunisation have been identified. Lessons from BCG could be valuable in the development of effective tuberculosis vaccines.
objectivesWithin the Entebbe Mother and Baby Study birth cohort in Uganda, infants received BCG at birth. We investigated factors associated with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and with cytokine response to mycobacterial antigen at age five years. We also investigated whether cytokine responses at one year were associated with LTBI at five years of age.
methodsBlood samples from age one and five years were stimulated using crude culture filtrates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a six-day whole blood assay. IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-13 and IL-10 production was measured. LTBI at five years was determined using T-SPOT.TB(®) assay. Associations with LTBI at five years were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Multiple linear regression with bootstrapping was used to determine factors associated with cytokine responses at age five years.
resultsLTBI prevalence was 9% at age five years. Only urban residence and history of TB contact/disease were positively associated with LTBI. BCG vaccine strain, LTBI, HIV infection, asymptomatic malaria, growth z-scores, childhood anthelminthic treatment and maternal BCG scar were associated with cytokine responses at age five. Cytokine responses at one year were not associated with acquisition of LTBI by five years of age.
conclusionAlthough multiple factors influenced anti-myocbacterial immune responses at age five, factors likely to be associated with exposure to infectious cases (history of household contact, and urban residence) dominated the risk of LTBI.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.