Trial reportThe Journal of nutrition2015
Vitamin D status is associated with mortality, morbidity, and growth failure among a prospective cohort of HIV-infected and HIV-exposed Tanzanian infants.
Trial report in The Journal of nutrition, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00197730 (Trial of Vitamins Among Children of HIV-infected Women), which is not on this map. Cited by 24 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Trial of Vitamins Among Children of HIV-infected Women
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D intakes and health outcomes in infants and preschool children: Summary of an evidence report.Annals of medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Association Between Vitamin D Status and Undernutrition Indices in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of oral vitamin D supplementation on linear growth and other health outcomes among children under five years of age.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Vitamin D supplementation for preventing infections in children under five years of age.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Vitamin D status and associated factors among HIV-infected children and adolescents on antiretroviral therapy in Kampala, Uganda.PloS one · 2021Trial
- HIV, HPV, and oral health in Tanzania: a scoping review.Infectious agents and cancer · 2026Review
- Effects of HIV exposure on anemia and vitamin D nutritional status in children aged 6-24 months: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Breaking Down Bone Disease in People Living with HIV: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Vitamin D deficiency and oral candidiasis in patients with HIV infection: A case‒control study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Observational
- Vitamin D deficiency among apparently healthy children and children with common medical illnesses in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2022Review
- Prevalence and predictors of vitamin D deficiency in young African children.BMC medicine · 2021Article
- Vitamin D status in early childhood is not associated with cognitive development and linear growth at 6-9 years of age in North Indian children: a cohort study.Nutrition journal · 2020Article
- Vitamin D status, nutrition and growth in HIV-infected mothers and HIV-exposed infants and children in Botswana.PloS one · 2020Article
- Association of vitamin D and diarrhoea in children aged less than five years at Muhimbili national hospital, Dar es Salaam: an unmatched case control study.BMC pediatrics · 2019Article
- Article
- Vitamin D and growth hormone in children: a review of the current scientific knowledge.Journal of translational medicine · 2019Review
- Vitamin D in malaria: more hypotheses than clues.Heliyon · 2019Review
- Continued Interest and Controversy: Vitamin D in HIV.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundVitamin D is a potent immunomodulator, but its impact on morbidity and mortality among infants remains unclear.
objectiveThe objective of the study was to prospectively assess the association of vitamin D status with mortality, morbidity, and growth during the first 2 y of life.
methodsA prospective cohort of 253 HIV-infected and 948 HIV-exposed Tanzanian infants enrolled in a randomized trial of multivitamins (not including vitamin D) was studied. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations were measured at 5-7 wk of age and infants were followed at monthly clinic visits until 24 mo. Physicians performed a clinical exam every 3 mo or when an illness was noted.
resultsSerum 25(OH)D concentrations were (means ± SDs) 18.6 ± 10.3 ng/mL and 18.1 ± 9.2 ng/mL for HIV-infected and HIV-exposed infants, respectively. Unexpectedly, serum 25(OH)D concentrations ≥30 ng/mL were significantly associated with higher mortality as compared to the 20-29.9 ng/mL reference for HIV-infected (HR: 2.47; 95% CI: 1.13, 5.44; P = 0.02) and HIV-exposed (HR: 4.00; 95% CI: 1.67, 9.58; P < 0.01) infants after multivariate adjustment. We found no statistically significant association between 25(OH)D concentrations <10 ng/mL and mortality for HIV-infected (HR: 1.43; 95% CI: 0.74, 2.78; P = 0.29) and HIV-exposed (HR: 1.56; 95% CI: 0.60, 4.03; P = 0.36) infants. Among HIV-exposed infants, 25(OH)D concentrations ≥30 ng/mL were significantly associated with clinical [incidence ratio rate (IRR): 1.34; 95% CI: 1.06,1.70; P = 0.02] and confirmed (IRR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.71; 1.15, 2.54; P < 0.01) malaria diagnoses, whereas concentrations of <10 ng/mL were associated with oral candidiasis (IRR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.00-2.15; P = 0.046) and wasting (HR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.20, 2.43; P < 0.01).
conclusionThe observational design of this study does not allow for causal interpretation; however, the results indicate a strong need for additional studies of vitamin D among HIV-infected and -exposed children, particularly in malaria-endemic settings. The parent trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00197730.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.