Trial reportThe Journal of nutrition2015
Protein requirements of healthy pregnant women during early and late gestation are higher than current recommendations.
Trial report in The Journal of nutrition, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01784198 (Determination of Protein Requirements in Healthy Pregnant Women Using Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation Technique), which is not on this map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Determination of Protein Requirements in Healthy Pregnant Women Using Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation Technique
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Artificial Nutrition Support During Acute Illness in Pregnancy: A Scoping Review.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2026Article
- Nutrition in Perinatal Midwifery Care: A Narrative Review of RCTs, Current Practices, and Future Directions.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Beyond the bare minimum: the case for revised physical activity guidelines and protein intake recommendations that maximise healthspan.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Reduced Availability of Essential Amino Acids Disrupts Differentiation of Anorexigenic POMC Neurons in the Fetal Rat Hypothalamus.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Diet in Pregnancy: A Review of Current Challenges and Recommendations. A British Nutrition Foundation Briefing Paper.Nutrition bulletin · 2025Review
- Relationship between dietary protein intake and serum essential free amino acid concentrations in Japanese pregnant women: an observational study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Observational
- Nutritional status and household food security of pregnant women: insights from the Nutritional Status of Expectant Mothers and their Newborn Infants (NuEMI) study in South Africa.Public health nutrition · 2025Article
- Dietary protein requirements of older adults with sarcopenia determined by the indicator amino acid oxidation technology.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Total sulfur amino acid requirements are higher during late gestation compared with early gestation in healthy Canadian pregnancies in a repeated-measures trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Article
- Unraveling the Molecular Mechanisms of the Neurodevelopmental Consequences of Fetal Protein Deficiency: Insights From Rodent Models and Public Health Implications.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2024Review
- Protein Nutrition: Understanding Structure, Digestibility, and Bioavailability for Optimal Health.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Determining amino acid requirements in humans.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Review
- Maternal Dietary Protein Patterns and Neonatal Anthropometrics: A Prospective Study with Insights from NMR Metabolomics in Amniotic Fluid.Metabolites · 2023Article
- Is It Time to Reconsider the U.S. Recommendations for Dietary Protein and Amino Acid Intake?Nutrients · 2023Review
- Dietary Plant Protein Intake Can Reduce Maternal Insulin Resistance during Pregnancy.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Diet and human reproductive system: Insight of omics approaches.Food science & nutrition · 2022Review
- Maternal Serum Albumin Redox State Is Associated with Infant Birth Weight in Japanese Pregnant Women.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Adequacy and Sources of Protein Intake among Pregnant Women in the United States, NHANES 2003-2012.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Glycine, a Dispensable Amino Acid, Is Conditionally Indispensable in Late Stages of Human Pregnancy.The Journal of nutrition · 2021Article
- Observational
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAdequate maternal dietary protein intake is necessary for healthy pregnancy. However, current protein intake recommendations for healthy pregnant women are based on factorial calculations of nitrogen balance data derived from nonpregnant adults. Thus, an estimate of protein requirements based on pregnancy-specific data is needed.
objectiveThe objective of this study was to determine protein requirements of healthy pregnant women at 11-20 (early) and 31-38 (late) wk of gestation through use of the indicator amino acid oxidation method.
methodsTwenty-nine healthy women (24-37 y) each randomly received a different test protein intake (range: 0.22-2.56 g · kg(-1) · d(-1)) during each study day in early (n = 35 observations in 17 women) and late (n = 43 observations in 19 women) gestation; 7 women participated in both early and late gestation studies. The diets were isocaloric and provided energy at 1.7 × resting energy expenditure. Protein was given as a crystalline amino acid mixture based on egg protein composition, except phenylalanine and tyrosine, which were maintained constant across intakes. Protein requirements were determined by measuring the oxidation rate of L-[1-(13)C]phenylalanine to (13)CO2 (F(13)CO2). Breath and urine samples were collected at baseline and isotopic steady state. Linear regression crossover analysis identified a breakpoint (requirement) at minimal F(13)CO2 in response to different protein intakes.
resultsThe estimated average requirement (EAR) for protein in early and late gestation was determined to be 1.22 (R(2) = 0.60; 95% CI: 0.79, 1.66 g · kg(-1) · d(-1)) and 1.52 g · kg(-1) · d(-1) (R(2) = 0.63; 95% CI: 1.28, 1.77 g · kg(-1) · d(-1)), respectively.
conclusionsThese estimates are considerably higher than the EAR of 0.88 g · kg(-1) · d(-1) currently recommended by the Dietary Reference Intakes. To our knowledge, this study is the first to directly estimate gestational stage-specific protein requirements in healthy pregnant women and suggests that current recommendations based on factorial calculations underestimate requirements. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01784198.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.