ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2015
Is burnout separable from depression in cluster analysis? A longitudinal study.
Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 121 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Relationship Between Burnout, Depression, and Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2019Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Prevalence of burnout syndrome and associated factors among nurses in Mogadishu, Somalia: a multicenter cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Fit2Perform: European society of thoracic surgery survey on member well-being.Interdisciplinary cardiovascular and thoracic surgery · 2025Article
- The Magnitude of Anesthesiology Residents Burnout at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences: A Cross-Sectional Study.Anesthesiology and pain medicine · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the prevalence and risk factors of burnout syndrome among healthcare workers: A cross-sectional study.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Observational
- Techno-Stress Creators, Burnout and Psychological Health among Remote Workers during the Pandemic: The Moderating Role of E-Work Self-Efficacy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Workplace Factors, Burnout Signs, and Clinical Mental Health Symptoms among Mental Health Workers in Lombardy and Quebec during the First Wave of COVID-19.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Should Burnout Be Conceptualized as a Mental Disorder?Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Analysis of job burnout, satisfaction and work-related depression among neurological and neurosurgical nurses in Poland: A cross-sectional and multicentre study.Nursing open · 2022Article
- Mindfulness improves health worker's occupational burnout: the moderating effects of anxiety and depression.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2021Article
- Substantial Overlap Between Factors Predicting Symptoms of Depression and Burnout Among Medical Interns.Journal of general internal medicine · 2021Article
- Occupational Depression, Cognitive Performance, and Task Appreciation: A Study Based on Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- The Early Impact of the Covid-19 Emergency on Mental Health Workers: A Survey in Lombardy, Italy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- The Influence of Workload and Work Flexibility on Work-Life Conflict and the Role of Emotional Exhaustion.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Psychological Predictors for Depression and Burnout Among German Junior Elite Athletes.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Article
- The Relationship between Emotional Regulation and School Burnout: Structural Equation Model According to Dedication to Tutoring.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Burnout among primary healthcare workers during implementation of integrated mental healthcare in rural Ethiopia: a cohort study.Human resources for health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeWhether burnout and depression represent distinct pathologies is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine whether burnout and depressive symptoms manifest themselves separately from each other or are so closely intertwined as to reflect the same phenomenon.
methodsA two-wave longitudinal study involving 627 French schoolteachers (73 % female) was conducted. Burnout was assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory and depression with the 9-item depression module of the Patient Health Questionnaire.
resultsBurnout and depressive symptoms clustered both at baseline and follow-up. Cluster membership at time 1 (T1) predicted cases of burnout and depression at time 2 (T2), controlling for gender, age, length of employment, lifetime history of depression, and antidepressant intake. Changes in burnout and depressive symptoms from T1 to T2 were found to overlap. Teachers with increasing burnout experienced increases in depression and teachers with decreasing burnout experienced decreases in depression. In addition, emotional exhaustion, the core of burnout, was more strongly associated with depression than with depersonalization, the second dimension of burnout, underlining an inconsistency in the conceptualization of the burnout syndrome.
conclusionsOur results are consistent with recent findings showing qualitative and quantitative symptom overlap of burnout with depression. The close interconnection of burnout and depression questions the relevance of a nosological distinction between the two entities. Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, the two main dimensions of burnout, may be better conceptualized as depressive responses to adverse occupational environments than as components of a separate entity.
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